[七年级英语语法强化训练] 七年级语法训练

七年级 英语语法强化训练 Contents 专题一 代词 专题二 名词 专题三 冠词 专题四 数词 专题五 形容词 专题六 副词 专题七 介词 专题八 情态动词 专题九 动词 专题十 一般现在时 专题十一 现在进行时 专题十二 一般过去时 专题十三 一般将来时 专题十四 简单句 专题十五 并列句 专题十六 There be 句型 参考答案 另附一个文件夹 专题一 代词 目标定位 1．熟练掌握人称代词主格、宾格形式以及基本用法，并能在口语和书面表达中正确运用。初学者应重点关注主格和宾格。

2．掌握形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的基本用法。形容词性物主代词多用作定语；
名词 性物主代词多用作主语和宾语。

3．掌握反身代词作为宾语的基本用法。

4．掌握指示代词和疑问代词的基本用法。尤其是this和that，it与one的区别。疑问代词中重点把握which与what，who的区别。

5．掌握常见的不定代词和复合不定代词的含义和用法。这部分是难点，应结合具体语境练习。重点把握both与all，either与neither，each与every，the other与another，none与no one的 区别。

第一课时 语法梳理 一、 代词的定义及分类 不定代词 人称代词 关系代词 物主代词 代词的分类 疑问代词 指示代词 相互代词 反身代词 代词是代替名词或相当于名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。在句子中使用代词是为了避免同一名词的重复出现。英语中的代诃按其意义、特征及在句子中的作用可分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。

二、人称代词 表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：
人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 You you You You 第三人称 he him they them she Her it it 1．人称代词的主格形式作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。如：
I am a teacher. You are a student. He is a student, too. 我是老师，你是学生，他也是学生。

We/You/They are students.我们／你们／他们是学生。

2．人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。

Give it to me.把它给我。

Let's (let's =let us)go.我们走吧。

三、物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词，也可叫代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，其人称和数的变化见下表：
数 人称 类别 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 汉语 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的 形容词性物主代词 ( my/your/his/her/its/our/their)后面接名词，而名词性物主词则相当于“形容词性物主代词十名词”，故其后不必加名词。如：
--Is this your book? 这是你的书吗？ --No，it isn't. It's hers(her book)。不是，是她的。

This pen is mine.这支钢笔是我的。

四、反身代词 myself我自己 yourself你自己 himself他自己 herself她自己 itself它自己 ourselves我们自己 yourselves你们自己 themselves他们自己 功能 1.在句中作同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，表示“亲自”等意。

2.用在一些固定搭配中。如：come to oneself恢复知觉，teach oneself自学 如：
I did my homework myself.我自己完成了作业。

1 want to see the manager himself.我要见经理本人。

五、疑问代词 1. who /whom /whose (1)who在句中做主语、表语和动词宾语。

（2）whom是who的宾格形式，在句中作宾语。

（3）whose在句中作主语、宾语和表语。

2. what/ who (1)what 询问事物或某人的职业。

（2）who询问，某人的身份、姓名。

3. which（1）what指不定数目中的“哪一个，哪一些”，没有一定选择范围。

（2）which指一定数目中的“哪一个，哪一些”，有一定的选择范围。

如：
1．(l)Who runs faster?谁跑得更快？ Who did you speak to? 你在跟谁说话？ (2)With whom did you go to school? 你同谁去了学校？ (3)Whose pen is this? 这是谁的钢笔？ 2．(1)What is your father?你父亲是干什么的？ (2)Who is the man? 这个男人是谁？ Who is your best friend? 你最好的朋友是谁? 3．(1)What colour do you like?你喜欢什么颜色？(2)Which colour do you like better, red or green? 你喜欢哪种颜色，红色还是绿色？ 如：
如：1．(l)Would you like some soup?你想喝些汤吗？ (2)1 don't have any friend here.在这儿我没有任何朋友。

2．(1) Many of my classmates like pop songs.我许多同学都喜欢流行音乐。

(2)Much of the homework has been done.大部分家庭作业都做完了。

另外，many和much都可以与表示程度副词so，too. as，how连用。如：
There are so many mistakes in your composition.你作文中的错误真多。

There was too much rain this summer.这个夏季雨太多。

3．either和neither常构成固定搭配“either/neither of+名词/代词复数十动词单数”。

(l) Either of my parents is a teacher．我父母中有一个是老师。

(2)Neither of them can come today.他们没有一个能今天来。

4．(1) Both Lucy and Mary are Americans.露西和玛丽都是美国人。

(2)AII the students are waiting for the English teacher. 所有的学生都在等待英语老师。

5．(1) I write to Lily each week.我每周都给莉莉写信。

Each of us likes watching TV.我们每一个人都喜欢看电视。

(2)Every student needs to be careful when crossing the street. 过马路的时候学生都应当小心。

6．(1) Lily is taller than any other student.莉莉比其他任何一位同学都高。

(2)I want another apple.我还要一个苹果。

(3)I have some story books. Some are in Chinese, others are in English. 我有一些故事书，一些是汉语的，还有一些是英语的。

(4)There are two apples. One is for me, the other is for you. 有两个苹果，一个是给我的，另一个是给你的。

(5)These four books are mine，the others are yours. 这四本书是我的，余下的都是你的。

7．(1)There is little time left.没有多少时间了。

There is only a little milk in the glass.杯子里只有一点儿牛奶。

(2)There are few bananas in the basket.篮子里几乎没有香蕉了。

A few of us agree with him.我们只有几个人赞同他。， 七．复合不定代词 some类: someone, somebody, something any类：
anyone， anybody， anything every类：everyone， everybody， everything no类：
none， nobody， nothing 1．some类复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中。用于疑问句时表示说话者希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议。如：
There is someone who wants to speak to you.有人想和你说话。

Would you like something to eat? 你想要吃些什么？ 2．any类复合不定代词一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，用于肯定句时表示“任何”之意。

Is anybody here?这儿有人吗？ Anyone of you can give me a hand.你们谁帮我一下。

3．由-one和-body构成的复合不定代词可以相互换用。如：
anyone --anybody; someone--somebody; everyone--everybody 如：
1.I saw a movie yesterday. It was interesting. 我昨天看了一场电影，它很有趣。

2.Is that Lucy speaking? 是露西吗？ -Yes, it is．(=Yes, this is Lucy speaking.)是的，我是。

3．The baby is crying. It might be hungry.婴儿正在哭，它可能饿了。

Someone is knocking at the door. Who might it be?有人在敲门。可能是谁呢？ 4.It is rainy today.今天是雨天。

It's about 20 minutes' walk from here to the theatre. 从这儿到剧院大约20分钟步行的路程。

5. (l) It's hard for me to sing an English song.对我来说，唱英语歌很难。

(2)It's time to go to school/ It's time for school.该上学了。

(3)It seems that he has been ill for a long time.似乎他病了一段时间。

(4)It's clear that you are doing wrong.很明显依做错了。

(5)It's your turn to answer my question．轮到你回答问题了。

6. I feel it necessary to practise speaking English every day. 我觉得有必要每天都练习说英语。

基础训练 I .选出括号中正确的词 。

l. This is _________ (my/l) mother. 2. Nice to meet _________ (your/you). 3.________ (He/His) name is Mark. 4. What's___________ (she/her) name? 5. Excuse___________ (me/my/'l). 6. Are___________ (your/you) Miss Li? 7. __________ (I/My) am Ben. 8. ___________ (She/Her) is my sister. 9. Fine, thank _________ (your/you). 10. How old is __________ (he/his)? Ⅱ. 用所给词的正确形式填空。

l. These are__________ (he) brothers. 2.That is __________ (she) sister. 3. Lily is ________ (Lucy) .sister. 4. Tom, this is_______ (me) cousin, Mary. 5. Now ________ (she parent) are in America. 6. Do you know ________ (it) name? 7. Thanks for helping ___________ (I). 8. _________ (Ann)mother is _______ (we) teacher. Ⅲ. 选出括号中正确的词将句子补充完整。

l. (He, Him, His) mother is waiting for_______outside. (he, him, his, himself) 2. _______ love country. (we, our, us) 3. (She, Her, Hers) is a good writer, but I don't read any books of (she, her, hers) 4. -Who is it? -It's _________ (I, me) 5. Mr. Brown is a friend of . (my, mine, me) 6. -This is dictionary. ( my, mine, me) where is ________? (your, yours) -It's over there, on the table. 7. The little boy is too young to look after_______ (him, his, himself). 8. I hope all of you can enjoy __________ at the party. (yourself, yourselves) 9. The children did the washing________ (himself, themselves) 10. These pens are ______ (you, your, yours). Where are_______? (us, our, ours) 11. Think for and you'll get the answer. (you, your. yours. yourself) 12. I want the manager , not his secretary. (him, her, himself, herself) . 13. Look at the photo. The girl beside _______is Nancy. (I, my, me,mine) 14. Yesterday was Dad's birthday. I gave _____ a scarf as a present. (his, him, he) 15. Please remember : Where there is a will, there is a way. (this, that) 16. He is ill________ was why he was absent at the meeting. (This, That) 17. --Who is ? (this, that, you) --______ is Jim speaking. (It, This) 18. The flowers inside are more beautiful than outside. (ones, that, those, these) 19. With do you want to go? (who, whom) 20 -- _______ are you? (Who, What) --I am a student. 21. -- is that man? (What, Who) --He is my teacher, Mr. Green. 22. is more interesting, this book or that?(What, Which) 23. There aren't students in classroom. ( some, any) 24. Look! boys are playing football. (Some, Any) .; 25. –Would you like coffee? (some, any) -Yes, please. 26. He has too work to do. (many, much) 27. How bottles of orange do you want to buy? (many, much) 28. Lily, Lucy and Kate want to stay here. (both, all) 29. _____of us hopes to have free weekends. (Every, Each) 30. Hold it in this hand, not _________ hand. (other, another, the other) IV .根据句意用适当的代词填空 。

l. Help _______ to __________ fish, Li Lei. 2. You are smoking too _________. You'll have to give up. 3. There aren't ________ people near here who can help me. 4. Why don't you ask your parents for________ money? 5. I have got_______ important to tell you. 6. The twins went to the movie, so________ of them was at home. 7. No one helped Mary. She did it all by _________. 8. I can't find the pen I was given Have _______ you seen________ ? 9. -We have to be quick. The train starts at 10：35. -Don't worry. There is________ time to go. 10. - is in the classroom. Where are the students? -They have all gone to the library. 11. I asked him for some oil, but he didn't have_________. 12. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a friend of ________ ． 13. - is her husband? -The man on the bike. 14. -What's the weather like today? - ________ is sunny. V．将下列句子译成英语。

1．他喜欢你甚于我喜欢你。

______________________________________________. 2．他喜欢你甚于他喜欢我。

______________________________________________. 3．你、我、他都按时回来了。

________________________________________________. 4．他每天都自己穿衣服。

________________________________________________. 5．昨天我买了一台收音机，可它效果不好。

________________________________________________. 6．这两个男孩都不聪明。

_______________________________________________. 7．我不喜欢这个，你能给我再拿一个吗？ _______________________________________________. 8．我的词典丢了。我能用一下你的吗？ _______________________________________________. 9．我们相互向家人问好。

______________________________________________. 10.我对加拿大的文化知道得很少。

______________________________________________. 第二课时 疑难拓展 疑难点一：几个人称代词并列作主语时，它们的顺序是：单数形式( you，he and I)，复数形式(we，you and they)。但如果是承担责任要受责备时，其顺序是：单数形式(I，he and you)，复数形式(we，they and you)。如：
You，he and I are of the same age.你、我、他年龄一样大。

I and Han Mei broke the window.我和韩梅把窗户打破了。

疑难点二：人称代词单独使用时，常用宾格而不是主格。如：
-You are supposed to help Jim．你应该帮助吉姆。

-Why me? 为什么是我呢？ 疑难点三：who/whom作宾语时，常可换用，但who不能直接放在介词后作宾语。如：
Who/Whom are you looking for? 你在找谁？ With whom did you go to the concert? 你跟谁去看音乐会了？ 疑难点四：“some/any of+ ……”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词。如：
Some of the food is bread.其中一些食物是面包。

Some of them agree，but some of them don't. 他们中有些人同意，但是有些人不同意。

疑难点五：some表示“一些”时，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。some修饰可数名词单数时，只表示“某个”，相当于a certain。如：
Some person is downstairs waiting to see you.楼下有个人在等着见你。

疑难点六: either和any作“任何”讲时，either表示“两者中的任何一个”，any表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一个”。如：
We plant trees on either side of the street.我们在街道的两边都种了树。

You can choose any person in the room.你可以选择房间里面的任何人。

疑难点七: each作同位语时，谓语动词应和真正的主语保持一致。如：
We each have a gift from our teachers． 我们每个人都收到了一份我们老师送的礼物。

疑难点八: another可以作形容词，表示“另外的，又，再”，构，成“another+数词十名词”结构。如：
You'll have to go another two miles before you get there. 到达那儿前, 你还得再走两英里 路。

疑难点九：表示“两者中的一个……另一个……”用one…the other…；
表示“三者或三者以上中的一个……另一个……”用one ……another…… 如：
I have two good friends. One is a doctor, the other is an English teacher. 我有两个好朋友。一个是医生，另一个是英语老师。

疑难点十 : quite a little“很多”，相当于much。quite a few“很多”，相当于many。如：
We needn't hurry. There's quite a little time left.我们不必着急，还有很多剩余时间呢。

There are quite a few vegetables in the fridge.冰箱里有很多蔬菜。

疑难点十一：形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，放在复合不定代词之后 如：
There's nothing important in today's newspaper. 在今天的报纸上没有什么重要的报道。

You have got one. I'II give this one to somebody else. 你已经有了一个，我将把这个给其他人。

疑难点十二：no one指代人，对其提问用who，其后不跟of结构。none指代人或物，对其提问用how many/much，其后可跟of结构。如：
None of them believed his story.他们中没有一个人相信他的故事。

-Who knows the answer to the question? 谁知道这道题的答案？ -No one.没有人（知道）。

能力提升 Ⅰ.单项选择。

( )l. -Your bag is quite nice. Where did you buy ? -In Beijing. Do you want to have________ like this? A. it; one B. it; it C. one; it D. one; one ( ) 2. - _________ does your cousin look like? -He's tall and thin. A. What B. Where C. Who D. Which ( )3. pencil-box is beautiful. But_______ is more beautiful than__________. A. Tom; my; he B. Tom's; mine; is C. Tom's; mine; him D. Tom's; my; his ( )4. Don't you let help you? A. I and my friend B. my friend and I C. my friend and me D. me and my friend ( )5. -Are these books yours? -Yes. are A. They; ours B. They; our C. My; them D. Them; I ( ) 6. "Don't worry. There's _______ wrong with you," said the doctor. A. nothing B. everything C. something D . anything ( )7. I can't repair the model ship . Can you help _ ? A. me; me B. myself; myself C. myself; me D. me; myself ( ) 8. -Hainan is really a beautiful city and there're many places of interest. -So it is. Why not stay here for two days? A. other B. others C. the other D. another ( )9. Look! There are many tall buildings on side of the street. A. both B. either C. all D. neither ( )10. --Is ready for the sports meeting? --No. We haven't got a pair of sports shoes. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything. ( ) 11. -Which tie is more suitable for me, the blue one or the colourful one? -I have no idea. You'd better take them_________. A. all B. each C. every D. both ( )12. -Five cakes, please! -Only one cake left. Would you like to have _______ little girl? A. one B. it C. this D. that ( )13. -Have you sent your parents an e-mail telling them you arrived safely? -No._______ of them can use a computer. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All ( )14. --_did Mr. Wang leave in a hurry? -- Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows? A. How B. Where C. For what D. With whom ( )15. Mr. Li has two children._________ is a driver, and _ is a teacher. A. One; another B. ()ne; the other C. One; other D. ()ne; others ( ) 16. Be quiet! I have ________ to tell you. A. important anything B. anything important C. important something D. something important ( ) 17. I don’t think we've met before. You're taking me for__________. A. some other B. someone else C. other person D. else someone ( )18. -Lucy, go and clean the floor. -Why __________? A. I B. myself C. me D. my ( )19. -1 saw Jim in the club. But he didn't speak to me _________ evening. -Maybe he didn't see you. A. all B．every C．either D．another Ⅱ．下列各句中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。

1. Don't leave little Tom at home by him. 误：___________ 正：_____________. 2. Whom do you think is the tallest in your class7 误:__________ 正：______________. 3. He covered his eyes with hands. 误：___________ 正：____________. 4. A friend of me has gone abroad. 误：___________ 正：_______________. 5. None of the two boys are good at English. 误：___________ 正：______________. 6. Here are three apples. You can take either of them. 误：______________ 正：_____________. 7. What do you like better, this one or that one7 误：____________ 正：________________. 8. Please pass me the boxes, the one under the table. 误：_____________ 正：________________ 9. Little of them have been to America. 误：____________ 正：_______________ 10. There are too much mistakes in your diary. 误:__________________ 正：______________ 11. Many of my friends lives abroad. 误：_________________ 正：_______________ 12.May I keep the book little longer? 误：__________________ 正：______________ 13. We needn't hurry. We have little time left. 误：_________________ 正：___________________. 14. The books on the table are newer than ones in my schoolbag. 误：____________ 正：
__________________ 15. Neither of the films we saw last night are good. 误：_____________ 正: ______________________ Ⅲ．将画线部分改为作宾语的人称代词，使下列各句成为完整的句子。

1.The Smiths are at home. The children are with __________. 2. I want to have a hamburger. Can you show ________ the way to the McDonald's? 3. Jack, come here! Dad wants to talk to _________. 4. Mummy is tired. Please help ________ clean the kitchen. 5. We are having a party. Come to join__________. 疑难突破: Ⅰ. 用适当的代词填空，完成短文。

1 name is Tom. 2 live with my grandparents and parents in a small town. My grandfather has no hair. 3 head is bald（秃头的）. My grandmother likes to tie（系，扎） 4 hair at the back as a tuft（发髻）. 5 both retired（退休的）. 6 only son is my father. _______ got married with my mother ten years ago. 8 used to be（过去是）a teacher but now she is a housewife and looks after my sister and 9 .Sometimes 10___ are naughty（淘气的）but she never gets angry with 11 .My sister Yan, is two years younger than 12 ,and she cannot do homework by 13 . So I always help her. There is one temporary(临时的)member in 14 family. 15 is a rabbit called Kitty. The pet is not 16 .It belongs to 17 neighbour Mr. Black. 18___ has gone to（去了）Shanghai for a meeting and cannot take care of Kitty. We are glad to help because 19 funny movements（动作）always make 20 laugh. Ⅱ.单项选择 。

( )1.--Which do you prefer tea or coffee? --_________ is OK. I don't care. A. Either B. Neither C. Both ( ) 2.--Look , that's Mike, your classmate. --Yes, Let's go and say hello to __________. A. him B. he C. Her D. hers ( ) 3. --Look! Do you know _______man under the tree? -Sorry. It's too far to see ___________ clearly. A. this; him B. that, his C. this; her D. that; him ( )4. --Which of the caps will you take? -I'll take , one for my father, the other for my brother. A. neither B. both C. all ( )5.--Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday? --_________. I cleaned it all by myself. A. Somebody B. Nobody C. Everybody ( )6.--Can I have some more ice cream, Mum? --Sorry. There is left in the fridge. A. none B. nothing C. no one D. anything ( )7. --Excuse me I want to buy some stamps. Where can I find a post office? --I know not far from here. You can easily find___________. A. that; it B. it; one C. one; it ( )8. of the hats suited him, so Jack had to try on the third one. A. Neither B. Either C. Both ( ) 9.--Is the woman a teacher? -Yes. She teaches _______ English. A. you B. us C. our D. your ( ) 10. --Have you got ______ ready for the sports meeting? -Not yet. We still have _________ to do. A. anything; nothing B. something; everything C. everything; something ( ) 11. Don't wear jeans, or ____ won't be allowed to go to the concert. A. I B. you C. they ( ) 12. --How many students are there in the classroom? --_________. They are all in the lab. A. Some B. None C. All D. Neither ( ) 13.--I don't know______ to do next. --It's easy. Press the red button in 2 minutes. A. what B. how C. where D. when ( )14. --Excuse me, is this ________ new camera? --Yes, it's_________ . A. your; my B. your; mine C. yours; my D. yours; mine ( )15. Emma, can you introduce to Alice? I want to meet her. A. him B. his C. me D. my 专题二 名词 目标定位 1．理解并区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词。尤其是集合名词有两种用法的，比如：family表示“家人”时，既可做可数名词，也可做不可数名词。在不可数名词中重点把握对物质名词和抽象名词的理解和区分。这是重点．也是难点，学生不易理解。

2．熟练掌握所学可数名词复数的构成。尤其是一些名词的不规则变化，比如：negroes黑人；
heroes英雄：tomatoes西红柿；
potatoes土豆；
还有一些没有规则的变化更要注意，比如：tooth的复数是teeth；
mouse的复数是mice等等 3．掌握名词所有格的表达方法，特别注意双重所有格的用法。特别是当代词与所有格同时修饰一个名词时，要用双重所有格，比如：any friend of Tom's汤姆的任何一位朋友; some houses of my father’s我父亲的一些房子，等等。

4．理解专有名词的概念和一些用法。注意通常不与冠词连用．但若表示某姓的一家人，可以加 冠词，比如：The Smiths are coming to our party tonight.史密斯一家来参加我们的聚会。表示“一个叫……的人”，“一”可以加冠词a/an’比如：a Smith可以表示“一个叫史密斯的人”，等等。

5．掌握名词的语法功能。尤其是名词作定语的用法，比如：dress shop服装店；
war story战争故事，等等。

第一课时 语法梳理 一、名词的分类 名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。

（一）普通名词 指一类人或事物的共有名称，义可分为可数名词和不可数名词。

普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词又分为个体名词：表示个别人或事物的名词，如：table桌子，lawyer律师；
集合名词表示一群人或许多东西的总称。不可数名词又分为物质名词:表示物质或材料的总称，如：water水，snow雪；
抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、情感等抽象名词。

（二）专有名词 专有名词：表示具体的人、事物、国家、地方、机构、组织等，其实词的首字母必须大写。如：Beijing, the WTO, SARS, Mr. Green等。

二、名词的数 可数名词有单复数形式，而不可数名词通常没有复数形式。表示一个人或一件事物用单数，表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。

（一）可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数构成如下：
规则变化：
1. 一般情况，在名词词尾加-s。

2. 以辅音字母s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。

3. 以o结尾的名词，一般在词尾加-s。

特例巧记：英雄喜欢吃土豆、西红柿。

4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，一般先将y变为i，再加-es. 5. 以f/fe结尾的名词，先将f/fe变为v，再加-es。

6. 以辅音字母加y结尾的专有名词，加-s。

图表解读：
l.清辅音后发/s/，如：cats; 浊辅音后发／z／，如：bags。

2．读作/z/．如：buses，boxes，watches，fishes。

3．如：zoos，radios，只有negro，hero，potato，tomato四个单词后加-es，都读作/z/。

4．读作/z/，如：cities, babies。

5．读／vz/，这类词有：thief小偷，self自身，knife刀，shelf架子，loaf 一条面包，wolf狼．sheaf捆，calf小牛，half半．wife妻子，life生命.leaf叶子等。这类词都把f或fe变成-ves。

【记忆口诀】 小偷自己都有刀，站在架后旁边切面包， 狼捆着小牛抢一半，妻子的生命靠树叶保。

但也有直接在词尾加-s的情况，读/fs/。如：beliefs．proofs等。

6．以辅音字母加y结尾的专有名词直接加一s．如：Marys。

不规则变化：
1）“某国人”的单复数变化：中日友好是一致，英法联盟a变e。其他一律加s。

2）单复数同形。

3）元音发生变化。

4）词尾加-en或-ren。

5）复合名词单复数变化。

6）字母数字、引语或缩略词变复数。

图表解读：
1．“某国人”的单复数变化：
中日不变( Chinese---Chinese；
Japanese --Japanese)，英法变(Englishman-Englishmen；
Frenchman--Frenchmen)．其余在后边加-s。如：American --Americans；
German-Ger-mans; Australian - Australians. 2．单复数同形。如：fish-- fish; sheep -sheep; deer-deer。

3．元音发生变化。如：man- men；
foot- feet。

4．词尾加-cn或-ren。如：child---children, ox-oxen(牛)。

5．复合名词单复数变化: (l)主要词改为复数。如：boy student--boy students；
father-in-law----fathers-in-law (2)含man或woman的复合名词，前后两词都要改为复数形式。

如：man doctor--men doctors, woman teacher -women teachers. 6.字母、数字、引语或缩略词变复数．一般在词后加 –‘s．也可以加-s。

如：three a’s(三个a) 1990s/1990's（20世纪90.年代）。

7．其他情况。如：medium--- media媒体。

（二）不可数名词的数 不可数名词的特殊复数形式：
1．物质名词和抽象名词一般是借助“数间十量词+of+不可数名词”结构来表示一定的数量。

量词可以是单数．也可以是复数，但of后的不可数名词只能用原形。如：a glass of water 两杯水，two glasses of water两杯水。

2．当物质名词转化为个体名词时，视为可数名词，有复数形式。如：water（水）----waters（大水，洪水） 3．当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，视为可数名词．有复数形式，如fish，作鱼的“条数”讲时，复数形式为fish;作鱼的“种类”讲时．复数为fishes。

4．当物质名词表示份数时，视为可数名词．有复数形式。如．a coffee一杯咖啡，two coffees两杯咖啡。

5. 抽象名词在-些固定词组中可用做可数名词。如：catch a cold感冒．have a rest休息。

三、名词所有格 名词所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格．有三种形式：
（一）-‘s所有格表示有生命的名词的所有格。

l. 一般在名词词尾加-’s。如：Lily's bag。

2．若名词以s结尾，直接在词尾加’。如：Teachers' Day。

（二）of所有格表示无生命的名词的所有格，结构为“the+名词+of+ the ／物主代词十名词”。

如：the window of the room房间的窗户。

（三）双重所有格：-’s所有格和of所有格结合在一起表示的所有关系。

1．of+名词所有格。如：a friend of Lucy's露西的一位朋友。

2．of+名词性物主代词。如：a friend, of mine我的一位朋友。

四、名词的句法功能 1． 作名词 如：the car will sit six people.这车可以坐六个人。

2. 作宾语 如：we love our country. 我们热爱我们的祖国。

3. 作表语 如：he is a good doctor. 他是位好医生。

4. 作宾语补足语 如：Mike is considered a good monitor. 迈克被认为是一个好班长。

5. 作定语 如：blood type血型；

dress shop服装店 6. 作状语 如：The meeting lasted two hours. 回忆持续了两个小时。

7. 作同位语 如：
Mr. Chen, our manager, has gone to Beijing. 陈先生，我们的经理，已经去了北京。

五、记忆口诀 1. 名词单数变复数规则 单数变复数，规则要记住；

一般加s，特殊有几处；

/ t∫/, /∫/,/s/结尾，es不离后；

末位字母o, 大多加s；

两人（negro, hero）有两菜(potato, tomato), es不离口；

词尾f, fe, s,前有v和e; 没有规则，必须单独记。

1. 名词所有格 名词所有格，表示是“谁的”；
若为生命词，加“’s”即可行；

词尾有s, 仅把逗号择；
并列名词后，各自和共有；

前者分别加，后者最后加；
若为无生命，of所有格；

前后需倒置，此是应规则。

基础训练 1. 写出下列名词的复数形式。

1. pencil-box_______ 2.leaf_________ 3.Sunday________ 4．city__________ 5. dress_________6. match_________ 7．zoo_________ 8．exam____________ 9.German_______ 10. foot_______11．Englishman________12.Japanese_______ Ⅱ．翻译下列短语或句子。

1．八杯水________________________ 2.三筐橘子____________________ 3．房问的三扇窗户________________ 4. 一个小男孩的名字_________________ 5．十分钟的步行路程 ___________________6．四名美国女教师_____________ 7．吉姆和凯特的妈妈____________________ 8．五份咖啡__________________ 9．桌上有一条裤子。_________________________________________________ 10．汤姆叔叔是我爸爸的朋友。________________________________________ Ⅲ．根据括号内所提供的词或首字母提示，在空白处填入正确的词。

l. I have a lot of____________ (homework) to do every day. 2. Some____(child) are flying ________ ( kite) near the river. 3. It is the best one of the___________ (photo) in my family. 4. Are they building any_______ (library) in the city? 5. Can you cut this big pear into two _________(half)? 6. After three_________(month) study, the scientists worked out the physics problem. 7.__________ (tree) are planted in most of the mountain villages 8.1 like a_________. It's neither hot nor cold. 9. T________ comes after Monday. 10. Here is a card for you with our best________ (wish). 11. There're different________ (fish) in the sea. 12. Thousands of people lost their _________ (life) in the disaster. 13. Could you tell me how many_______________ (boy student) were at the party? 14. Jim's drawing is much better than any of his __________( classmate) 15. This is a __________(visitor) car. Mine is over there. Ⅳ用括号内单词的适当形式补全短文。

The new term is coming .Jack needs to buy a lot of 1 (thing) for the new school year. First, he needs some 2 (notebook), a few 3 (pencil), some 4 (clip), a 5 (box) of colour pencils, an 6 (eraser), some 7 (tape) for the English class and a 8 (ruler). 13esides. he has to buy two 9 (dictionary) and two 10 (sharpener). Why does he have to buy two because his twin brother also needs a dictionary and a sharpener. 第二课时 疑难拓展：
疑难点一：
专有名词的第一个字母必须大写，但其巾的虚词如冠词、介词等的第一个字母一般不大写。如：the United States of America。

疑难点二：集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。当强调这个集体的成员时．谓语动词则用复数形式。如：My family is very happy.我的家庭很幸福。

My family are watching TV.我的家人在看电视。

疑难点三：某些以-s结尾的学科、书、剧本、报纸、杂志等名词，虽以-s结尾但它们是单数。如：politics; the United States等。

疑难点四：
由两个部分构成的名词，若表示具体数日，要借助量词pair来表示。如：a pair of shoes, two pairs of glasses。

疑难点五：fish作“鱼”讲时，是可数名词，单复数同形；
作“各种鱼类”讲时，是可数名词，变复数时在词尾加-es；
作“鱼肉”讲时，为不可数名词。如：
I ate two fish last night.昨晚我吃了两条鱼。

There are many fishes in the lake.湖里有很多种鱼。

疑难点六：people是集体名词，但作“民族”讲时，可用复数peoples。如：
There are many peoples in the world. 世界上有许多民族. 疑难点七：people表示“人们”时，只有复数形式。。要表示“一个人”，只能说“a person”。“两个或两个以上的人”可以用persons或‘people表示。

疑难点八：有些不可数名词表达不同含义时是可数名词，表示具体的人或物。如：danger危险；
a danger一个危险的人或一件危险的事。

疑难点九：名词通常用差熬形式作定语’：但有些名词要用复数形式作定语。如：two bookstores; a clothes shop. 疑难点十：“数词+名词十形容词”构成的复合形容词作定语时，中间的名词只能用单数形式。如：a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩。

疑难点十一：有生命的名词的-’s所有格与of所有格可互换。如：
the girl's name—the name of the girl 疑难点十二：无生命的名词，一般用of所有格，但表示时间、距离、国家、地点、长度、重量、价格等无生命的名词，也可以-’s所有格。如：five minutes' ride；
today's newspaper；
Beijing's bridges等。

疑难点十三：如果两个名词并列，并且分别有’s，则表示“分别有”；
如果只是最后一个名词后有-’s．则表示“共有”。如：
Lily's and John's fathers莉莉的父亲和约翰的父亲。

Mary and Lucy's room玛丽和露西共同的房间。

疑难点十四：所有格后面的名词在下面两种情况下可省略：
1．为了避免重复，如果第一个名词所有格修饰的词在上文中已经提到过，或两个名词所有格所修饰的词相同，往往可以省略第二个所有格后的名词。如：
It's not Jane's mistake，but Jack's． 2．表示店铺、医院、诊所、学校、住宅、公共建筑时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。如：at the barber's 在理发店。

疑难点十五 ：
else常用于不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词后，表示“另外，其他”，所有格为 else's。如：Who else's book is this? 疑难点十六：双重所有格中带有一’s所有格的名词必须是明确限定的指人的名词，of前面的名词前通常有a，an，this，that，any等词对名词进行限定。如：a friend of my father's；
any friend of Li Ming's。

疑难点十七：of所有格和双重所有格 of所有格：a photo of Jack杰克的一张照片（照片上是杰克）。

双重所有格：a photo of Jack's杰克所拥有的照片中的一张（照片上不一定是杰克）。

能力提升：
Ⅰ.单项选择。

( )1. Can you imagine what life will be like in ________ time? A. 20 years' B. 20 year's C. 20-years' D. 20-years ( )2.---Hurry up, Jane! ---Just give me five minutes to put my desk in________. A. time B. line C. order D. shape ( )3. Hey! If you want to know something about new cartoons-, have a look at this________. It's great. A. time B. website C. photo D. rock ( )4. I bought_______ China Daily from a news stand this morning________. A. a page of B. a piece of C. a copy of D. a book of ( )5. This is________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Anne's and Jane's C. Anne's and Jane. D. Anne and Jane's ( )6. Two bags are on the table. They're ___________. A. the twins' B. the twin’ C. twins D. twin's . ( )7. -Can I help you? -I'd like_______ for my twin daughters. A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes ( )8. Swimming is ________in summer. A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun ( )9.---What do you have for breakfast? ---I often have _________ or_________. A. breads; noodles B. bread; noodles C. breads; noodle D. bread; noodle ( )10. They got much ___ on the Internet. A. photo B. ideas C. message D. information ( )11. --Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here? --No, it's about _ _ A. 7-minutes walk B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes' walk D. 7 minute's walk ( )12. He had something to write down and asked me for _________. A. a paper B. some papers C. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper ( )13. There are two ______ in the city. A. car's factory B. car's factories C. factories of car's D. car factories ( ) 14. His sister's English is better than ________ in her class. A. anyone else B. anyone's C. anyone's else D. anyone else's ( )15--Are those ___________? --No, they aren't. They're ____________. A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cows D. sheeps; cow ( )16. Lots of things are made of ___________. We must protect ____________. A. woods; woods B. wood wood C. wood; woods D. woods; wood ( )17. I'm sorry I am late. I hope I didn't cause you___________. A. too much trouble B. so many troubl.es C. much too trouble D. so more troubles ( )18. ---Would you like _______? ---Thank you; but I'm not thirsty. A. some sandwiches B. some moon cakes C. some bread D. some orange ( )19. He dropped the ______ and broke it. A. cup of coffee B. coffee's cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup ( )20._________ is nice and clean. A. The air today. B. The today air C. The air of the today D. The today of air ( )21. ---What's in the _________? ---There are some_______ and in them. A. photos; potatoes; radios B. photos; potatoes; radioes C. photoes; potatos; radios D. photos; potatos; radios ( )22. --Where do you come from? . --I come from _______. I'm an _________. A. Japan; Japanese B. America; American C. England; English D. Australian; Australian ( )23. This computer is___________. A. my brother B. my brothers C. my brother's D. my ( )24. Put on your ________ quickly. A. a cloth B. the clothes C. cloth D. clothes ( )25. Our teacher gave me . A. many advices B. much advices C. many advice D. much advice ( )26. At the end of the match, our school________ won by 3 : 2. A. members B. group C. team D. fans ( ) 27. ---Jim is ill. Do you know what’s wrong with him? ---Poor boy. His illness is the_______ of eating unhealthy food. A. result B. cause C. reason D. end ( ) 28: The music made me think of the _________ of a running stream. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound ( )29. As there were not enough chairs in the park,- they had to sit on the A. ground B. earth C. land D. field ( )30.---Is it an animal ---Right, it's a ________ of the cat family. A. kind B. number C. member D. piece ( )31. There was ________ on show in the museum. A. a quite nice cup B. quite nice a cup C. quite a nice cup D. quite nice cup ( )32. The now is that I have lots of to ask. A. problem; questions B. question; problems C. question; problem D. problem; question ( ) 33. You'd better do morning________ every day. It's good to have lots of A. exercise；
exercise B. exercises; exercise C. exercise; exercises. D. exercises; exercises ( )34. He told me______ would come to his birthday party. A. many Jack friends B．Jack 's many friends C．many Jack's friend D. many friends of Jack's ( )35. ________ is an industrious nation（勤劳的民族） A. The Chinese B. The Chineses C. Chinese D. Chinescs Ⅱ．下列每个句子中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。

1. The Sam are going to Beijing with my family. 误：______________ 正：_____________ 2. The young should .make rooms for the old in crowded buses. 误：_______________ 正：
_______________ 3. We study quite a few subject, such as Chinese, maths and English. 误：_______________ 正：
__________________ 4. This book isn't his. It belongs to Kates’. 误：______________ 正：_____________________ 5. Few man workers are still demanding a rise in their pay. 误：_____________ 正：______________________ 6. Han Mei's and Mary's English teacher is a girl from Hongkong. 误：______________ 正：_____________________. 7. Both my father and my brother are police. 误________________ 正：______________________. 8. There are two deers in the kindergarten. 误 :________________ 正:_______________________. 9. Help yourself to some fishes, please. 误：_______________ 正：______________________ 10. English is spoken as the first language in Canadian. 误:_______________ 正：______________________ III .用所给词的正确形式填空 。

l. These are five___________ (pencil-box) on the desk. 2. Three ____________ (German) are walking on the People's Square. 3. We will have several (exam) this term. 4. These workers are going abroad to work for three years. Their (wife) will have to stay at home alone. 5. Our city has been built a few____________(zoo) 6. The tiger's _________ (tooth) are bigger than the monkey's. 7. There are two new (shelf) in my reading room. 8. Jim and Mike are good friends of ___________. 9. Quite a few (foreigner) have visited Guangzhou the year before last. 10. ---Are there (animal) on the hill? ---Yes, there are some. 疑难突破：
I.单项选择。

( )1. The restaurant is so popular here. Look, there are so many____ here. A. food B. dish C. people D. waiter ( )2. I don’t think looking after children is just ________ work. A. woman B. woman’s C. women D. women’s ( )3.---Would you like some drinks, boys? ---Yes, _________, please. , A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolate C. some cakes D. two boxes of--cola ( )4. I saw many ______ eating grass on the hill. A. horse B. cow C. rabbit D. sheep ( )5. _____ mothers can't come to the meeting because they have gone to Dalian. A. Sally's and Jane B. Sally and Jane's C. Sally’s and Jane’s ( )6. I like______ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. A. fish B. potatoes C. noodles ( )7.You can get much ___about the World Expo on the Internet. A. map B. picture C. ticket D. information ( ) 8. ---Good morning, madam. Can I help you? --- Sure, I'd like ________ for cooking vegetables. A. two cups of tea B. three pieces of bread C. five kilos of oil ( )9. Mr. Black gave us _____ on how to learn n English well. A. an advice B. many advices C. some advice D. some advices ( ) 10. ---You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon? --I did________ Christmas shopping. A. a lot of B a few of C. a number of D. a piece of ( )11. The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't ______news. A. many B. a few C. much D. Few ( ) 12. All the _______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. A. man B. men C. woman D. women ( ) 13. _____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are teachers. A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman ( ) 14. ---I'd like_________ grapes and pears. ---Oh, I only need _______ orange juice. A.some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D a little; a few ( )10. This is not my dictionary. It's ______. She lent it to me this morning. A.my sister B. my sisters C. my sister's D. my sisters’ 专题三 冠词 目标定位 1. 理解不定冠词的基本用法。注意以元音字母发音开始的词前使用不定冠词时，应该用an，如：an hour。注意是元音字母发音，而不是以元音字母开始的词。

2. 专有名词也可与不定冠词连用，表示“一个......的人/物”。如：A Mr.Jones came to see you this morning.今天早上有位叫琼斯的先生要见你。

3. 熟记定冠词的基本用法，尤其the+姓氏复数，表示全家人，这是中考的重点。

4. 零冠词的使用是难点，尤其是初学者往往记不住，本书给出了记忆口缺，希望对学习者有帮助。

5. 记忆掌握一些固定用法和词组搭配，这对以后的学习很重要。

第一课时 语法梳理 一、 冠词的种类 冠词是一种虚词，它本身不能单独充当句子成分，也没有词义，它只能用在名词的前面，帮助说明其含义。可以分为三种：定冠词the；
不定冠词a/an;零冠词，即不用冠词。

二、不定冠词( a/an)的基本用法 1．在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物前。

2.泛指人或事物的某一种，以区别于其他种类。

3.泛指某人或某物。

4.用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。

5.用在某些物质名词或抽象名词（如coffee,food,tea,try,pleasure）前，表示 “一阵，一份，一类，一场，一杯”。

6.用于可视为一体的两个名词前。

7.表示“一个”，意为one,但数的概念没有one强。

8.表示“同一”的意思。

9.表示“某一个”，一般与表示星期的名词连用。

10.用在专有名词前，表示“类别”。

11.用于某些固定词组中。如：have a look/walk/break/try/rest/bath, in a hurry, for a while等。

如：
1．I have a pen. 2.A dog is an honest animal. 3.An old man is looking for you, Mr. Green. 4. We have a music class once a week. 5.I am not sure. I’ll have a try. 6．a knife and fork一副刀叉 7.I have a good friend.我有一个好朋友。

8.They were nearly of an age.他们几乎同岁。

9．They came on a Sunday.他们是某个周日来的。

10.，This is a Van Gogh.这是一幅凡·高的厕。

三、定冠词( the)的用法 1．用于双方都知道的人或事物前。如：
Is the book yours? 2．特指的或上文提到过的人或事物！如：
The girl in the car is my sister. 3．表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：
Man is now studying and using the sun. 4．用在序数词、形容词最高级前．或用于对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级阿。如：
He is the first to come here. Of the twins,1 like the taller one. 5．用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩。如：
The Browns are all living in China. 6.用在单数可数名词前，表示-类八或事物，以区别于其他种类。如：
Do you know who invented the computer'? 7．用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词，或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
The Yellow River is the second longest one in China. 8．与某些形容词连用，表示一类人。如：
The rich should help the poor. 9．用在表示方位或乐器名称的名词前。如：
Can you play the guitar? There is a park in the east of the town. 10.用于形容词only，very，same等前面。如：
That is the very thing I've been looking for. 11.与复数名词连用-指整个群体。如：
They are the teachers of this school. 12.用在某些固定词组中。如：
in the daytime,in the end, at the moment, at the foot of,the number of等。

四、零冠词（不用冠词） 1.不可教名词和复数名词泛指人或事物的某一种，以区别于其他种类时，前面用零冠词。如：
Cats have sharp eyes at night. Money is not everything. 2.某些专有名词（如人名、地名、国名）物质名词与抽象名词前用零冠词。如：
Philip has lived in China for years. 3.名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时，前面用零冠词。如：
This;s my address. Let's keep in touch. 4.在节日、日期、星期、月份、季节等前面用零冠词。但若特指某年的某月份或某年的某季节，需要在月份、季节前加the。如：
Spring is the best season of the year. The winter of the year 2009 was very cold. 5.称呼或表示职位、头衔的名词前用零冠词。如：
Li Lei was made monitor for this month. 6．三餐、球类运动、娱乐及学科的名词前用零冠词。如：
What do you usually have for lunch? Do you like playing football or baseball? 7．“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等词前用零冠词。如：
His company is located in Beijing Road. 8．与by连用的交通工具名称前用零冠词。如：
I.usually go to school by bike. 9．公共假日、节日名称前用零冠词，但与festival 一起构成的传统节日前要加the。如：
We had an evening party on New Year's Day. The Spring Festival is a traditional festival in China. 10.表示特定的公园、街道、车站、桥梁、学校等的名词前用零冠词。如：
Many old people take exercise in Beihai Park every morning. 11.在某些固定词组或习惯用语中用零冠词。如at night, day and night，watch TV，on foot，in time等。

五、记忆口诀 1. 冠词的基本用法 冠词是秃子， 常要戴帽子；

可数名词单， 需用a或an；

辅音前用a， 元音前用an；

若为特指时， 须用定冠词；

复数不可数， 泛指不用the；

碰到代词时， 冠词均不见。

2． 零冠词的记忆口诀 一是熟知名词和复数；

二是学科和语言；

三餐、球、棋、牌；

四种时间：季节、月份、星期和节日；

五是职位、头衔、称呼、民族乐器和有指示代词或物主代词修饰的名词；

六是习惯用法要熟记。

基础训练 I．给下列名词前加上适当的不定冠词。

1.__________ book 2.__________computer 3._________orange 4._________volleyball 5.________hour 6._________language 7.________ island 8._________singer 9．__________apple 10.___________eraser II.用适当的冠词填空，使句子完整。

1.Rome was not built in________day. 2. Jim is ________honest boy. We all like him. 3.----Can_________child finish the job? -----No, at least two children can. 4. We have a music class once________week. 5.It's______ pleasure to talk with you. 6._______hundred and twenty people at tended the meeting. 7. I'd like_________ coffee and two beers. 8. Come in, or you'll catch_________bad cold. 9. Li Lei, take__________ medicine three _________ times _________ day. 10. He bought _______ new house. I have been to ________ house. 11.This is ___________ umbrella that I lost yesterday. 12.________ rich are not always happier than __________ poor. 13.________ man/Man is __________ only animal who can talk. 14.Autumn is ___________ best season in Beijing. Many people from all over the world come here in autumn. 15.Do you know ___________ girl in red? 16.________ fifth lesson is very easy. 17.Lucy is __________ taller of the two girls. 18.I like playing __________ violin, while he likes playing ___________ football. 19.Look, all ___________ books are here now. 20.June 1st is ____________ Children’s Day. 21.Tom works as __________ worker in the restaurant and he is paid by ____________ hour. 22.__________ Greens live next the door. 23.__________ music/Music can bring people___________ pleasure. 24.I have visited many cities since__________ September, 2007. 25.She is not so smart ___________ girl as I thought. 26.Could you tell me __________ answer to the question? I can’t work it out myself. 27.In the United States, __________ Father’s Day falls on _________ third Sunday in _________ June. 28.I like________chemistry though it's a bit difficult. 29. Wendy was made __________ monitor for this month. 30.___________ doctor/Doctor, I’m not feeling myself today. Ⅲ．根据句意将下列句子补充完整。

1．作为作家，汤姆是很成功的。但作为一个儿子，他是失败的。

Tom is__________ ____________ as__________, but he is ________ ___________ as a son. 2．你认识一个叫琼斯的人吗？ Do you know__________ ____________ ? 3.我们家一周聚一次。

Our family get together___________ ____________ _____________. 4． 桌上的这本书是一本很有用的书。

__________ _________ on ________ _____________ is _______________ useful one. 5． 格林一家外出度假了。

__________ _______________ are out on holiday. 6． 我父亲生病住院了。我现在要去医院看他。

My father is __________ ___________. I am going to _________ __________ to see him. 7． 他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。

He is always _________ __________ _________ __________ and _____________ ____________ __________ __________. 8． 太阳和月亮，哪个更大？ Which is __________ , __________ __________ _____________ _________ __________. 9．房子前面有棵大树。

There is ________ _________ tree _________ ___________ ___________ the house. IV.从B组中选择合适的单词，使A组的句意完整，适当时加上a/an. A组 1.I want to ask you________ __________ . 2.Tom never wears___________ ． 3.I can’t ride __________. 4．My brother is ____________. 5.Barbara works in_____________． 6. Ann wants to learn_______________. 7．Jim lives in_______________. 8．This evening I'm going to_________. B组 old house; artist; party; question; bookshop; foreign language; hat; bicycle 第二课时 疑难拓展 疑难点一 a用在辅音音素前，而不是辅音字母前。an用在元音音素前，而不是元音字母前。

如：a university, an hour。

There is an“h”in the word“think”. 疑难点二 表示种类有三种形式：
1．单数名词前加定冠词。

2．单数名词前加不定冠词。

3．复数名词前不加冠词。如：
A dog is an honest animal.=The dog is an honest animal．＝Dogs are honest animals． 疑难点三 “the+序数词”表示“第几……”；
“a十序数词：’表示“又一，再一”。如：
I have failed twice．I’ll try a third time.我失败两次了，我要再试一次。

疑难点四 a number of意为“许多”，相当于many，作主语时谓语动词用复数。the number of 意为“……的数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。如：
A number of people are' playing on the ground． The number of the people on the ground is about l,000. 疑难点五 在动词+人+介词+the+身体部位”这类短语中要用the，而不用物主代词。如：
The man hit me -on the head.那人打了我的头。

疑难点六 在一些固定词组中，有无定冠词含义完全不同，一定要牢记。如：
go to school上学（是学生）：go to the school去学校（不一定是学生）。

in hospital 因病住院；

in the hospital在医院里（不一定是病人）。

at table吃饭；

in the table在桌边（不一定在吃饭）。

by day白天；

by the day按日计算。

in future 今后；

in the future将来 /an，放在这些词之后。如：
疑难点七 当名词被such，half, what, many 修饰时，不定冠词（a/an）放在这些词之后。如：such a beautiful house；
half an hour. Many a person is playing basketball．许多人在打篮球。

疑难点八 当名词前面的形容词前有so，how，too等词时，不定冠词(a／an)应放在形容词之后。如：so beautiful a house;how useful a book;to.young a girl等。

疑难点九 当名词前面有形容词和quite，rather或very时，不定冠词(a／an)置于quite之后，置于very之前，置于rather的前或后都可以。如：quite a fast train；
a very fast train；
rather a fast train; a rather fast train等。

疑难点十 当定冠词与all，half，both，double，three times，one-third等词连用修饰名词时，定冠词应放在这些词之后。如：all the books；
both the games；
twice the size of his house等。

The hole is one-third the depth of that one. 疑难点十一 当表示一个人兼有多种身份时，只在第一个名词前加冠词a，an或the。如：a doctor and writer一个医生兼作家的人；
the repone，and editor那个记者兼编辑的人。

疑难点十二 当系动词turn后接名词时，通常使用零冠词。如：
I had hoped to become a pianist，but I turned artist．我原本想当钢琴家的，却成了美术家。

疑难点十三 用于固定结构中“what a／an十单数可数名词”及“such a／an十单数可数名词”结构，表示惊叹！如：
What a 1ovely day!多好的一天啊！ How did you make such a mistake?你怎么会犯这种错误？ 疑难点十四 不定冠词还可以与表示疾病的名词连用。如：a co1d感冒；
a headache头痛。

疑难点十五 在表示方位的名词前或表示时间的词用定冠词。如：on the right在右边；

in the morning在早上。

能力提升 I.单项选择。

( ) 1. France is___________European country . India is __________Asian country. A. an; the B. the; an C．a; an D. an; an ( ) 2. There's__________"h" in the word"hour". A. a B. the C. an D. / ( )3. The boy will certainly become ____________ of their country. A. headmaster B. King C.the king D. a king ( )4.----Put waste bag in the dustbin.----It's not ________ waste bag. It's my shopping bag. A. a; the B. the;a C. /; a D. /;/ ( ) 5. The fourth _________ of ________is Thanksgiving Day every year. A. Thursday; November B. Thursday; the November C. the Thursday; the November D. the Thursday; November ( )6. The car is running about-sixty miles__________hour. A. one B. the C.an D. a ( ) 7.---Do you know_______ lady in blue.-----Yes. She is a teacher of a university. A. the B. a C. an D. / ( )8.__________ books are useful. A. All the B. The all C.A D.An ( )9.----I hear there'll be_________ talk on teenage problems next Monday. -----Do you mean________ talk our teacher asked us to listen to? A. a; the B. a; a C. the; the D: the; a ( )10. I looked under________ bed and found_________ pen I lost yesterday. A. the; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the;/ ( )11.-----Tina, do you know. __________new club in your school? -----Of course.I'm one of its members. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( )12.It is said that________ umbrella was invented over four thousand years ago by Chinese people. A.a B.an C.the D./ ( )13. _________ number of students have gone to Shanghai. A. / B. The C. A D. An ( )14._______long the bridges! Let me drive you over it. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a ( )15.1 don't think_______ is a better car than our makes. A. a Ford B. Ford C. Ford's D. the Ford ( )16.No pains, no__________.(不劳无获) A. gains B. a gain C.gain D.the gain ( )17. I used to go to _________ No.1 Middle School every Sunday by_________bus to play ______ basketball with my friends. A. the; the; the B. /;/;/ C. /; /; the D. a; a; a ( )18.Tian'anmen Square and Great Wall are very famous in_________ People's Republic of China. A. the; the B. the;/ C. /;/ D. /,the ( )19. Jane is ______ girl. She always answers the teachers' questions in_________ class. A quite a smart; the B. a quite smart; the C. quite a smart D. a quite smart;/ ( )20. Mr Li, __________ , will give a talk to the students about how to learn English tomorrow. A. a teacher and a writer B. a teacher and writer C. the teacher and the writer D. the teacher and writer Ⅱ．下列每个句子中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。

1. Our city government has paid~great attention to the environmental problem. 误：___________ 正：_____________ 2. Will Jim leave for Xi'an the next week?. 误：___________ 正：_____________ 3. One of the three foreign visitors is a Japanese, other two are Australians. 误：____________ 正：______________ 4.There is public library in every county in China. 误：_____________ 正：____________ 5. What good news you've brought us! 误：___________ 正：___________ 6.Light travels faster than the sound, doesn’t it? 误：__________ 正：____________ 7. Most of students in my class come from the countryside. 误：__________ 正：____________ 8.I want to be soldier when I leave school. 误：____________ 正：__________ 9. I was an university student of English two years ago. 误：___________ 正：____________ 10.I used to work in a same shop as the did. 误：___________ 正：_____________ III.阅读短文，用适当的冠词填空，不用冠词处画“/”。

We had_____1_____special lesson______2______ last Friday. Our geography teacher, Mr. Hung, took us to_____3_____ Ocean Park. We visited ____4____ park in _____5_____ afternoon. Mr. Hung asked us to take_____6____ good look at _____7______ animals there especially(尤其是) _____8______ big pandas. Luckily, we saw _____9____ big panda playing_____10_____ ball on ____11____ ground when we got there. We stayed there for half _____12_____ hour and took ____13____ lot of pictures because it was___14_____.exciting experience to see it in____15_____real life. 疑难突破 I.单项选择。

( )1．Cindy is_________amazing singer. She has lots of fans. A.a B．an C．the D.／ ( )2．---Why do you like Mary? -----Because she is __________ honest girl. A.a B．an C．the ( )3．Jenny is__________American. She works in___________company in China now. A. an;a B.an; the C.a;an ( )4．---What would you like for___________breakfast, Mr. Green? ---Two pieces of bread and ____________cup of tea, please. A.a；
the B./;a C./; the ( )5. Avatar（《阿凡达》）is such________ wonderful science fiction movie that I want to see it second time. A. a; a B. a; the C./; the D.／；

a ( )6.There is___________ local shop for people to buy daily things in the small village. A.a B.an C.the D. / ( )7. Many people think that 2012 is one of_________ most successful films. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( )8. If you go by train, you can have quite____________ comfort-able journey, but make sure you take__________ fast one. A. a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. /;a ( )9。It's reported that able rainstorm hit ________ south of our country. A. a B. the C. / D. an . ( )10. My sister can play ___________ violin very well. A. the B. a C./ ( )11.---Look ! What's that moving high up in _________ sky? ---It must be _______ plane. A. a; the B. the;/ C. the; a D./;a ( )12.--How was_________ dinner at Mike's house? --It ~as great. Mike's mum is wonderful cook. A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a- an ( )13. --What shall we have for supper? ---I bought ________ big fish at. _________only market near my office. A. a; a B. a; the C. the ;/ ( ) 14.---May I have a look at the MP4, sir? -----Which one? _________ black one? A.A B. An C.The D./ ( )15.---Shall we pay________ visit to Expo 2010,Shanghai? --No,I'd rather stay at home and play __________ football. A. a; the B. the;a . C./; the D. a;/ ( )16. ---Lingling! Do you know____________ woman in white? -----Yes. She is________ nurse in Liaocheng People's Hospital. A. a; a: B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a' ( )17.---Lily is coming by_________ plane tomorrow. -- Let's go to____________ airport to meet her. A. a; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; the ( ) 18. ---What do you want to be when you grow up? -----__________ actor like Jet Li. A. An B:A C. The D./ ( )19. ---Bob, you look so happy today!-----Well, I got ________"A" On my English test. A.the B.a C.an D./ ( ) 20. ---May I have a look at_________ book tonight? -----Of course, you can. I have______old one at home. A. the; a B. a; the C.the; an D. the; the ( )21.---Have you found_________address that you wanted?-----Yes. It's Mr Wang 268@163. com. A. a B. an. C. the D./ ( ) 22. If you work hard, you'll get ________ "A" in the exam. A: a B. an C. the ( )23.They often take_______walk after dinner. A. a B. / C. the D. an ( ) 24. Lily's mother is__________ teacher in a school. A. a B.an C. the D./ ( ) 25. ____________ Browns were having dinner when the telephone rang. A.A 'B. An C. The D./ . 专题四 数词 目标定位 1.掌握基数词和序数词的构成，尤其是前十个数，需要强化记忆。注意不规则变化的情况。

2.熟练掌握年、月、日的表达方法及千以内数字的表达方法。还有编号、年龄、分数的表达法，尤其是当分子大于l时，分母的序数词应用复数形式。如：two-thirds三分之二。

3.掌握日常交际活动中常见的数字表示方法。特别是hundred，thousand，million，billon等表达确切的数目时，不用复数形式；
表示不确切的数目时这些基数词要用复数形式，且与of连用。

4.理解倍数的表达法，最好熟练掌握，这既是中考的重点，也是难点。

5.理解数词的某些特殊用法。

第一课时 语法梳理 一、数词的定义 用以表示数目或顺序的词叫数词。数词可以分为基数词和序数词两种。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；
表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

二、基数词的构成 1. 1～12是独立单词，需逐个记忆。

2. 13～19是在个位数词的词干后加-teen构成。其中thirteen，fifteen，eighteen是不规则变化。

3. 20～90都是以-ty结尾。如：twenty，thirty，ninety等。

4. 21-99是在十位数词后面加上个位数词构成，中间加上连字符“-”。如：twenty-one，thirty-two，ninety-nine等。

5.3位以上的基数词，在百位和十位之间一般要用连词and。如：l，135读作one thousand，one hundred and thirty-five。

6. 英语中没有“万”和“亿”，在表示“万”和“亿”时要按十进位法来蓬≥。如：15,678读作fifteen thousand，six hundred and seventy-eight。

7. 1000以上的数字，从后向前数，每三位加“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand，第二个“，”前为million，第三个“，”前为billion，然后每一节按百、十、个的顺序表示。

8．dozen表示“十二，一打”，score表示“二十”。

9．ten，score，hundred，thousand，million，billion这些词前面如有表示具体数目的词，就不能加s和of，反之则须加s和of。如：one hundred people 一百人，hundreds of people数百人。

10．与基数词合成的复合定语，其中的名词用单数。如：a three-month-old baby三个月大的婴儿，a five-year plan 个五年计划。

11.乘法运算的表示法，单复数均可。如：3* 5=15 Three multiplied by five is /are fifteen. 三、序数词的构成 序数词一般以与之相应的基数词加词尾-th构成，但要注意一些特殊形式。

阿拉伯数字 基数词 序数词 序数词缩写 1 one first 1st 2 two second 2nd 3 three third 3rd 5 five fifth 5th 8 eight eighth 8th 9 nine ninth 9th 12 twelve twelfth 12th 20 twenty twentieth 20th 21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st 22 twenty-two twenty-second 22nd 23 twenty-three twenty-third 23rd 其他序数词的构成：
1． 几十几及以上的序数词，其中十位数或百位数、千位数等用基数词，只有个位数才用序数词。如: 128th: one hundred and twenty-eighth 752nd: seven hundred and fifty-second 2．hundred，thousand，million的序数词均在基数词后加th构成，即hundredth，thousandth，millionth。

四、数词的应用 五、倍数表示法 1.倍数用在形容词原级的第一个as前面。如：I have twice as many books as you do.我的书是你的书的两倍。

2.倍数用在表示度量的名词前。如：
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍大大 3.词或副词的比较级或by+倍数放在比较级后。

This building is twice higher than that one.这个建筑物比那个建筑物高两倍。

六、 约数表示法 1．用ten，dozen，score,hundred，thousand，million等数词的复数加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、上万、几百万等约数的概念。

2.用less than, under, below，or less，almost，nearly，up to。等来表示小于或接近某数目。

3.用more than, over, above,beyond，or more等来表示多于某个数目。

4.用or，or so, about，around，some，more or less等表示在某一数目左右。

5.用from...to,between...and表示介于两个数饲之间。

如：
1．I bought dozens of pencils last year.去年我买了几十支铅笔。

2. How can you finish your homework in less than half an hour?你怎么能在半个小时内就完成你的作业呢？ 3．Our school has a history of more than sixty years.我们学校有60多年的历史。

4．The doctor spent four or five hours performing the operation.那医生花了四五个小时做这个手术。

5. I will be back in two t。three weeks.我两到三周后就回来。

七、基数词变序数词口诀：
基变序，有规律，末尾加上th；

一、二、三，特殊记(first, second, third）；

八加h( eighth)，九去e(ninth)，ve要用f替（fifth; twelfth)；

以y结尾变ie，后跟th莫忘记（如：thirtieth, fiftieth)；

若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。如：twenty-first, forty-ninth)。

基础练习 I.根据给出的数字分别写出其相应的英文形式。

1. 11___________ 2.15_____________ 3. 19_______________ 4.28________________ 5. 40____________ 6.67 ________________ 7.100 _____________ 8.1000___________________ 9. 1000000____________ 10. 9th________________11.10th____________ 12. 12th_________________ 13. 13th______________ 14. 14th______________15. 20th _____________ 16. 23rd_______________ 17. 31st__________18. 52nd___________________- II．用适当的英语数词完成下列句子。

1. Summer is the___________season of a year. 2. Wednesday is the___________day of a week. 3．Thirty is__________of sixty, 4. Children's Day is on June____________ each year. 5. Letter "I" is ___________ letter in the alphabet(字母表)． 6. There are__________ months in a year. 7．My sister is just 20. Today is her ____________ birthday. 8. Thirty plus ninety-three is____________. III．将下列词组和句子译成英语。

1． 十二把伞__________________ 2.二十个苹果____________________ 3． 十四辆公交车___________________ 4．四十间房子__________________ 5．十九件礼物_________________ 6．二千五百八十七名学生_________________ 7. 60亿8000万人口___________________________ 8．成百上千的顾客______________________ 9． 第一课_____________________ 10.百分之三十的水__________________________ 11. 百零五点三二______________________________ 12.三分之二的书____________________ 13.在20世纪80年代 ___________________ 14. 2009年3月18日____________________________ 15.这个洞是那个洞的三倍深。_______________________________ 16.现在，他们在九号房间开会。_______________________________ IV.根据括号内的词，在空白处填入恰当的词。

1.I think the___________lesson is the most interesting one in the book. (twelve) 2. My father is now in his_________,but he is still taking some computer courses. ( fifty) 3. There are___________of people who are losing jobs and they are wondering what to do. (thousand) 4.I have tried_________(两次),but I'll try_____________（再一次）． 5．I live on______（第六大街），but work far from it． 6. Harry has just finished writing an______________（八百字）composition. 7. It is said that the gravity on the Mars is only about______________（三分之一）of the gravity on the earth. 8. China is almost___________(two) the size of Mexico in area. 第二课时 难疑拓展 疑难点一 序数词前加定冠词时表示顺序，意为“第几”。如：
I was the first to come here.我是第一个来这儿的人。

序数词前加不定冠词时表示“又一，再一”。如：
I have failed twice，but l want to have a third try.我失败两次了，我想再试一次。

疑难点二 “of+the+基数词”表示范围。如：two thirds of the ten十个中的三分之二。

疑难点三 表示年代用“in+the+数词的复数形式”。如：
in the 1990s或in the 1990's在20世纪90年代。

表示某人的年龄阶段用“in+物主代词十数词的复数形式”。如：
in his 20s在他二十几岁时；
in her 30s在她三十几岁时。

疑难点四 “数词十名词十形容词”作定语时，中间要用连字符，而且中间的名词只用单数形式。

如：a five-year-old girl，一个五岁的女孩；
a 15-minute-long walk 一段十五分钟的步行路程。

疑难点五 “数词+ hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数”表示具体的数量；
如：
two thousand students; four hundred girls等。

“tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+ of+名词复数”表示“许多”。

如：thousands of trees; tens of hundreds of horses等。

疑难点六 表示时刻时，如果在30分钟以内，用past，如8：15读作fifteen past eight或a quarter past eight;如果超过30分钟，则用to，如8：40读作twenty to nine。

能力提升 I.单项选择。

( )1.____________of the warm water already been used up. A. Two-third; has B. Two-third; have C. Two-thirds; has D. Two-thirds; have ( )2. __________ the students in the primary school is about three thousand, and_________ of them are girls. A. A number of; two third B. The number of; two thirds C. A number of; two thirds D. The number of; two third ( )3. ----Come and see me in_______________. -----With pleasure. That's what I'm expecting. A. two or three days . B. two or three day's time C.two or three days' time D. two or three day's ( )4. Dick, it is the_________time in________ days that you've made the same mistake. A. two; three B. second; three C. two; third D. second; third ( ) 5.-----How many teachers are there in your school? ----______________ but I'm not sure. A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred ( )6. It took me_________ to find out the key to the drawer. A. one and half hours B. one and a half hours C. one and a half hour D. one and half hour ( )7. We can see____________ stars in the sky at night. A. ten of thousand of B. tens of thousand of C. ten of thousands of D. tens of thousands of ( )8. One day on the moon is____________. A. two earth week long B. two earth weeks long C. two earth weeks longer D. two earth weeks length ( )9. She went to the countryside _________. A. in the morning at nine on June first, 1968 B. on June first, 1968 in the morning at nine C. at nine in the morning on June first, 1968 D. on June first, 1968 at nine in the morning ( ) 10.John was __________to get to school and I was A. first; ninth B. a first; a ninth C. the first; the ninth D. the second; the nineth ( )11. Ten and five is_____________. A. five B. fifty C. fifteen D. two ( )12. The Olympic Games are held___________. A. every four years B. every four year C. every fourth years D. every four-years ( )13. -----Tom is six and he is__________his sister Jane. How old is Jane?-----Three. A. twice as old as B. two years older than C. three years younger than D. as old as ( )14. He is ________ in our class. A. the fourth tallest B. fourth tallest C. four tallest D. the four tallest II .下列每个句子中均有一处错误 ,请指出并改正。

1. Is Sunday first day of a week? 误：_____________ 正：______________ 2.The Yellow River is second longest river in .China. 误：_____________ 正：______________ 3. He left his grandmother when he was in thirties. 误：_____________ 正：______________ 4. The nineth programme is that two young lovers dance together. 误：_____________ 正：______________ 5. They used to live in the Room 345. 误：_____________ 正：______________ 6. After a long walk we had a few minute's rest. 误：_____________ 正：______________ 7. There are two scores people waiting outside in the rain for the tickets. 误：_____________ 正：______________ 8. It's only two-hours time from here to London by train. 误：_____________ 正：______________ Ⅲ．根据汉语提示，完成英语句子，每空一词。

1．李老师住在第五层。

Miss Li lives on_________ ___________ floor. 2.3月8号是妇女节。

Women's Day is on___________ __________． 3．她花了两个小时的时间做作业。

It took her__________ _____________ to do the homework. 4．我母亲今天买了两公斤肉。

My mother bought___________ __________ ________ __________ today. 5．他买这支笔只花了三元钱。

He paid only________ __________ for this pen. 6．星期天我8点50起床。

I get up at_____________ ___________ _____________ on Sunday. 7。她得了90分，排名第五。

She got_________points and came___________． 8．今天我们做练习七。

We do__________ ___________today. 9．圣诞节在每年的12月25日。

Christmas is on___________ the___________each year. 10.玛丽出生于5月5日。

Mary was born on___________ __________． 疑难突破 单项选择。

( )1.Nearly ________of the earth__________ covered by sea. A. three fourth; is B. three fourths; is C. three fourth; are D. three fourths; are ( )2.____________of the land in that district __________ covered with trees.and grass. A. Two fifths ; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifth;is D. Two fifths; are ( )3.I think_________of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam________easy. A. three fourths; is B. third four; are C. three fourths; are D. three fourth; are ( )4. ---- Do you know the boy_________is sitting next to Peter? ----- Yes. He is Peter's friend. They are celebrating his birthday. A. who; ninth B. that; nineth C. /; nineth D. which; ninth ( )5.I got a good present on my.____________ birthday. A. nine B. ninth C. the nine D. the ninth ( )6.I got a beautiful bike on___________ birthday. I like it very much. A. fifteenth B. fifteen C. my fifteen D. my fifteenth . ( ) 7.----Here we are.Where does your cousin live, Tom? -----Oh, he lives on the__________ floor. A. two B. twice C. second D. twos ( )8.The number of the students in our school is about nine _________ of them are boys. A. hundred; Two thirds B. hundred; Two third C. hundreds; Two thirds D. hundreds; Two third ( )9. Although I failed four times, my father encouraged me to have a________try. A. third B. fourth C. fifth ( )10.----Have you seen the CCTV news on TV? ----- Yes, __________children had a good festival on the Children's Day. A. millions of; sixty B. ten millions; sixtieth C. millions of; sixtieth ( )11. ________trees have been planted near here, so the air is very fresh. A. Two hundreds B. Hundred of C. Hundreds of D. Hundreds ( ) 12.About_________of the workers in the factory were born in the _________ . A. two-thirds; 1970 B. two-thirds; 1970s C. two-third;1970 D. two-third; 1970s ( ) 13.Each of us has to write a___________ report every two weeks. A. two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-word C. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words ( ) 14. Today is my mother's________ birthday. I will buy her a gift. A. fourteen B. fourteenth C. forty D. fortieth ( )15. ----There is a wrong word in line___________. - ---Where? ----- In the________line. A. two; two B. two; second C. second; two D. second; second ( ) 16.----There are sixty students in our class. And _________.of us are boys. -----Wow! You have forty girls! A. one fourth B. one third C. two fifths D. two thirds ( ) 17. ----Good news!Bill won__________medal in the long jump just now. -----Really? That's his _________ on eat our sports meeting. A. a:four B. an; fourth C. a; fourth ( ) 18.A new study proves a __________ walk every day is enough to keep people away from becoming fat. . A.30-minute B.30 minute's C. 30-minutes ( )19. More than two__________ years ago, people knew little about the universe. A. thousands B. thousand C. thousand of D. thousands of ( ) 20. English is becoming a tourist city. ____________ people come here during the holidays every year. A. Thousand of B. Thousands of C. Five thousands of D. Five thousands ( ) 21. Father's Day is on __________ Sunday of June. A. three B. third C. the third ( ) 22.-----Shanghai has opened its __________ TV channel (频道) that sends programs in foreign languages. -----Great! I can improve my English over it. A. first B. a first C. the first ( ) 23. The man also wrote_________ of beautiful pieces of music for the orchestra. A. hundred B. six hundred C. a hundred D. hundreds ( )24.All the teachers live on _______ floor. A. the second B. two C. second ( )25.Basketball is so popular a game in the world that__________ people play it for fun and exercise. A. million of B. millions of C. millions D. two millions of 专题五 形容词 目标定位 1．掌握形容词的，尤其是相似的词，其意义有很大差异。这是中考的重点。

2．注意有些形容词+ly以后，其意义发生了很大的变化，如：late迟到的；
而lately是“最近的，现在的 ”，这都是中考的重点 3．重点掌握形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则，这几乎是每年中考都必然涉及的重点。尤其是不规则的变化。如：①good/well-better-best；
②many／much-more-'most;③bad／ill- worse-worst；
④little-less-least. 4．掌握倍数的表达法，特别是as…as…结构等。

5.注意最高级的使用必须有比较的范围和对象，这是初学者较容易忽略的地方，应该重点掌握。

6．熟练掌握形容词作定语、表语及宾语补足语的用法。

第一课时 语法梳理 一、形容词的定义 形容词用来修饰人和事物的特征、性质。通常可以分为性质形容词和叙述形容词两类。

二、形容词的种类 1．性质形容词 这类形容词是直接说明人或事物的性质、特征的，它们有等级的变化，也可以用程度副词来修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和宾语补足语。大部分形容词都是性质形容词。如：
The sweater is very beautiful.这件毛衣非常漂亮。（作表语） we will try our best to make our class more interesting. 我们将尽力使我们的课堂更加有趣。(作宾语补足语) 2． 叙述形容词 这类形容词只能做表语，不能作定语，所以又称表语形容词。这类形容词没有比较级的变化，也不能用程度副词来修饰。大都以a开头，如：afraid害怕的；
alone单独的；
alive活着的；
asleep睡着的；
awake醒着的；
还有well健康的；
worth值得的；
unable不能的；
ill病的。如：
The baby is asleep．这个婴儿睡着了。

The book is well worth reading.这本书值得一读。

三、形容词的用法 1.作定语，放在名词前，不定代词后。

如：
a big apple,an old man,anything 2.作表语，放在系动词后。有些形容词只作表语，不作定语。这些表语形容词多以元音字母开头。

如：
asleep,afraid,alive,alone, 3.作宾语补足语，放在宾语后，常与make，leave，keep等连用 如：The story made me excited. 4.作主语补足语，放在句首或句尾，补充说明主语的特征、性质。

如：Many people were buried alive in the earthquake. 5. 放在定冠词后，变成名词，表示一类人或一类事物或概念。

如：the poor, the rich, the beautiful 四、 形容词的位置 1. 表语形容词，如alive, afraid, awake, alone等作定语时，常后置。

2. 形容词修饰不定代词时后置。如：something important, anybody else 3. 两个意义相反的形容词中间用and或or连接作定语时，常后置。

4. 形容词后面接一个介词短语时，要后置。

5. 同表示数量的词组连用时，要后置。

6. away, long, wide, high, deep, old等词附有数词短语说明时，需后置。

7. 多个形容词修饰名词时...... 如：
1. The baby still awake is playing with a doll.醒着的那个婴儿正在玩洋娃娃。

2．All the people on the island，young and old，are fond of music.该岛上的所有人，无论老幼都喜欢音乐。

3．He is a man greedy for knowledge. 他是个渴求知识的人。

4．The river is 5 meters wide.那条河有五米宽。

5．多个形容词修饰名词时，这些形容词的词序为：限定词（包括冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格、数词等）+表示观点的描绘性形容词（包括表示好、坏、美、丑等）+大小、长短、高低+年龄或新旧+形状或样式+颜色+产地或来源+材料或种类+用途十名词。如：
a nice big new round black French writing. desk 一张漂亮的又大又新的圆形黑色法式写字台。

[记忆口诀] 限定描绘大长高， 形状年龄和新老；

颜色国籍跟材料， 作用类别往后靠。

五、 比较等级 1．在英语中大多数形容词都有等级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级。

2.叙述形容词说明事物间的关系、方位、时间、用途等，不能用程度副词来修饰，也没有比较等级的变化。如：Chinese，northern等。

3．比较等级的构成规则：
规则变化：
①一般加-er，-est口如：fast-faster-fastest old-older-oldest。

③以不发音的字母e结尾时，只加-r，-st。如：nice-nicer-nicest。

③以辅音字母加y结尾时，将y变i再加-er，-est。加：happy-happier-happiest。

④以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，应双写这个辅音字母后再加-er，-est。如：big- big- ger-biggest。

⑤多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加more，most。如：beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful; careful-more careful-most careful。

⑥分词形容词，一般在词前加more，most。如：tiring-more tiring-most tiring。

不规则变化：
①good/well-better-best ③many/much-more-most ③bad/ill-worse-worst ④little-less-least ⑤far-farther(指距离：更远的)-farthest（指距离：最远的）-further（指距离：更远的；
指程度：更深入的）-furthest （指距离：最远的；
指程度：最深入的）。

⑥old-older（指年龄：较老的；
指新旧：较旧的）-oldest（指年龄：最老的；
指新旧：最旧的）， elder（指辈分：较年长的；
指资格：资格较老的）-eldest（指辈分：最年长的；
指资格：资格最老的） 六、形容词原级的用法 1．肯定句中常用“A…+as+原级+as+B”表示“A与B在某一方面程度相同”。

如：Li Ming is as tall as me．李明和我一样高。

2.否定句中常用“A...not+as/so+原级+as+B”表示“A在某一方面程度不如B”。

如：I am not as/so busy as I used to be．我不如以前忙了。

3.用“A…+倍数twice/half+as+原级+as+B”表示“A是B的……倍／一半”。

如：My school is twice/half as large as yours.找校是你校的两倍大，一半大。

4.第一个as后的形容词作定语修饰名词，将该名词及有关修饰语全列在第一个as后。

如：I don’t have as much money as you do.我的钱不如你的多。

七、比较级用法 如：
1. My father is younger than my uncle.我爸爸比我伯伯年轻。

2.This street is there times wider than that one.这条街比那条要宽三倍。

3.The car is running faster and faster.汽车跑得越来越快。

4.The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越仔细，就越少犯错误。

5.John is the taller of the two.约翰是两者中较高的那个。

6.We couldn’t get a better result.我们不可能得到更好的效果。

7.I have never been to a farther place than this.。我从未去过比这儿更远的地方。

8.Who is older，Li ming or Jack?谁更大一些，李明还是杰克？ Which is faster，a train or a plane火车和飞机哪一个更快？ 八、最高级用法 1、用“the+最高级十名词+in/of短语或从句”表示三者或三者以上程度最高。如：
He is the tallest in his class.在班里他最高。

2、用“Which/Who is+the+最高级，A，B or C?”结构表示在三者或三者以上人或物中进行选择“哪一个最……”。如：
Who is the tallest，Jack，Tom or Li Lei?谁最高，杰克、汤姆还是李雷？ 3、用“one of the+最高级”结构表示“最……的……之一”。如：
Our English teacher is one of the most popular teachers.我们的英语老师是最受欢迎的老 师之一。

4、形容词最高级前可以加序数词，表示“第几最……”。如：
The Yellow River is the second longest river ln China.荑河是中国第二长河。

5、形容词最高级前面有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，不能再用定冠词the。如：
Today is my happiest day in Beijing.今天是我在北京最开心的日子。

基础训练 一、写出下列词的形容词形式。

1. interest 2. relax 3. excite 4.height 5. beauty 6. difficulty 7. health 8. sun 9. danger 10. friend 二、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。

1. nice 2. tall 3. little 4. cheap 5. bad 6.colourful __________ _____________ 7. well 8.important 9. few 10.many 三、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

l.What a day it is! Let’s go for a picnic. (pleasure) 2. Kate works even than before. (hard) 3.I live far from my school, Meimei lives much , but Li Ning lives the (far) . 4.The picture on the wall is from the one on the desk. (difference) 5. As spring is coming, days are becoming and (long) . 6.When I came back from school, I felt .(sleep) 7. My brother is four years than me. ( old) 8. He felt so that he almost jumped for joy. (exciting) 9. The old woman lives in a house but never feels( alone,lonely) 10. The you are,the fewer mistakes you'll make. (careful) 四、翻译下列短语或句子。

1．三个新的圆圆的蓝色木碗 ————————————————— 2.某件重要的事情 ————————————————— 3．七米高 ————————————————— 4.与……不同 ————————————————— 5．年轻人对老年人应该有礼貌。

———————————————— 6.英语和语文一样有趣。

————————————————— 7.这个包没有那个新。

————————————————— 8.她的房间是你房间的一半大。

————————————————— 9.桌上的这些苹果比篮子里的大。

————————————————— 10.我比你小四岁。

————————————————— 11.春天天气变得越来越暖和。

————————————————— 12.这是我们今天的第三节课。

————————————————— 13.又饿又累，他只好停止干活。

————————————————— 14.还在熟睡的婴儿可能马上就会醒来。

————————————————— 第二课时 疑难拓展 疑难点一 “the+形容词”作主语时，如果是指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；
如果是指物表示某一概念或事物时，谓语动词用单数。如：
The poor are living a hard life.穷人们过着艰难的生活。

The beautiful is loved by everyone.美好的东西人人喜爱。

疑难点二 most前如果没有定冠词the，就没有最高级的意思，只是用来加强语气，表示“非常，很”之意。如：
This is a most interesting story.这是篇很有趣的故事。

疑难点三 表示三者或三者以上程度最高，如果在一定的地域空间范围内比较，用介词in；
如果在同类事物范围内进行比较，用介词of。如：
Li Ming is the tallest student in his class. Jack is the tallest of the three boys. 疑难点四 形容词最高级如果用于本身在不同情况下的对比时，不用the。如：
I am busiest on Sundays.我星期天最忙了。

疑难点五 比较级前有a little修饰时，表示“更……一些”。有a lot，much，even，far等词修饰时，表示“更……得多”。如：
He is only a little taller than I.他只是比我高一点。He is much taller than I。他比我高得多。

最高级前有much the，by far the，the very等词修饰时，表示“最最……”。如：
The hat is by far the largest in the world.这顶帽子是世上最最大的了。

疑难点六 -ing形容词表示主动意义，多指人或事物本身的特点，强调这种特点对人的影响；

-ed形容词表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人。如：， I'm very interested in the interesting book.我对这本有趣的书很感兴趣。

疑难点七 许多形容词加-ly可以构成副词，但有些以-ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词。如：
daily, lonely,lively ，likely, motherly ，friendly,lovely等。

疑难点八 在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外；
在不同范围内比较时，可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较。如：
China is larger than any other country in Asia.中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。

China is larger than any country in Africa.申国比非洲任何国家都大。

疑难点九 ill 表示“生病的”，只作表语，作定语时的意思是“坏的”；
sick表示“生病的”，可作表语和定语。如：
He has been ill for weeks。（ill表示“生病的”） 比较：These days I usually have ill luck.（ill表示“坏的”） This is a sick man.这是位病人。

比较：The old man is sick.那位老人生病了。

疑难点十 good，nice，fine和well的比较。

1.good是形容词，作表语和定语，表示某种东西内容好或人的品德好等。如：
He is a good boy. 2.nice是形容词，作表语和定语，表示“令人喜悦的。讨入喜爱的”人、味道、言语、 天气等。如:Today is a nice day. The bread tastes nice. 3.fine是形容词，作表语和定语。表示天气好，气质好，发育好等。如：a fine day,a fine girl 4.well是形容词和副词。作形容词时，只作表语，指“身体健康的”。如: I don't feel well today.我今天感到不舒服。

疑难点十一 present作前置定语时，表示“目前的，现在的”；
作表语和后置定语时，表示“到场的”。如：the present problem当前的难题,people present at the meeting出席会议的人。

疑难点十二 alone“独自的”，是表语形容词；
lonely"（内心）孤独的。（地方）荒凉的”。如：
The old man lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.老人独处，但不感到孤独。

能力提升 I.单项选择 ( )1.My sister is a worker.She is two years than me. A. older; elder B. elder; elder C. elder:older D. older;older ( ) 2. --The dish is delicious ! --Well at least it's the one I cooked yesterday. A. as good as B worse than C. as well as D. as bad as ( ) 3. Harry Potter is interesting story. I have read it several times. A.most B. the most C. a most D. very ( ) 4.--1s chemistry more difficult than physics? --No, chemistry isn’t as as physics. A. easy B. difficult C. easier D. more difficult ( )5.China has a population and long history. A. many B. large C much D. big ( )6. --What do you think of the lecture(演习) of Li Yang's Crazy English.? --I think it's , but someone thinks it's much too . A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring D. enough wonderful :bored ( )7.Our teacher wasn’t yesterday. A. please B. pleased C. pleasing D. pleasure ( ) 8.Supermarkets are necessary. People usually spend time finding things they want,but they usually spend money than they want . A. less；
less B less；
more C fewer；
less D fewer；
more ( ) 9. “You must keep in the library.” the librarian said to me in a low voice. A. quite quiet B. quietly quite C quiet quite D. quite quietly ( )10.The experiment was________easier than we had expected. A more B. much more C much D. more much ( )11. --Jim. how are you feeling now? --Much . I don't want to eat anything. A. better B.bad C .worse D. healthier ( )12. --Why didn't you enjoy the film? --It was film that I had ever saw. A. the most interesting B the least interesting C more interesting D. less interesting ( )13.My little brother Xinxin is getting . A taller and taller B. more and more tall C. tall and taller D. more taller and taller ( )14 .If you want to be ,you have to eat food and take exercise. A. thinner; less; more B. thinner;little; more C. thin; few;less D. thinner: fewer; less ( )15. We offered him a house for $50,500, it was worth. A. as much as twice B. as much twice as C. as twice much as D. twice as much as ( )16.Han Mei, you have to keep your own room . A. to tidy B. tidying C. tidy D. tidied ( )17.August the eighth was one of _____ days in the year 2008. The Olympic Games was held in Beijing successfully. A. exciting B. more exciting C. the most exciting D. much exciting ( )18.-- Are you feeling ? -- Yes ,I'm fine now. A any well B any better C. quite good D quite better ( )19.Spider Man is an_________film for children ,but he don’t seem ____ in it at all. A. interesting; interesting B. interested; interested C. interesting; interested D. interested; interesting ( )20. I want to go to college to have a study. A.farthest B.further C.farther D．furthest 二、下列每个句子中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。

1. You look more younger than I. 误: 正：
2The weather of Xi'an is colder than Haikou. 误: 正：
3. China is larger than any other country in Africa. 误: 正: 4.She is the tallest in the four girls. 误: 正：
5. When you learn the piano, you'll find it not difficulty if you practise it a lot. 误: 正：
6. The birthday cake tasted so well that it was eaten up quickly. 误: 正：
7. The more careful you are,the few mistakes you will make 误: 正：
8. Which jacket do you prefer better, the red one or the blue one. 误: 正：
9. I'm sure you will have a wonderful time. 误: 正：
10. Greg is taller of the two. 误: 正：
三、写出下列词的反义词。

1、We are in different teams. but they are in the team. 2. Be quick! Don’t be too . 3. Her brother is rude, but she is very . 4. This question is easy to answer, That one is too . 5. I think you are happy. In fact you are . 6. The windows are open. But the door is . 7. Don’t be careless. We should be . 8. You will be if you stay at home.But if you go out, it will be dangerous 9. He isn't afraid of any animal.We say that he is a _______man. 疑难突破 I.单顼选择。

( )1.Our monitor takes more exercise every day, for he believes he does, he'll be. A. the less; the stronger B.the more;the thinner C .the more;the stronger D. more, stronger ( )2. Though his grandmother lives , she never feels . A. alone;alone B. lonely; lonely C .alone; lonely D. lonely; alone ( )3. Julia is very clever.In fact,l doubt whether anyone in the class has IQ. A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest ( )4. Dear students, please read every sentence carefully. you are , mistakes you'll make. A The more carefully; the fewer B The more careful; the less C The more carefully; the less D The more careful; the fewer ( )5. Many Chinese students think science subjects are foreign languages. A. more difficult as B.less difficult than C. much difficult than D .than so difficult as ( )6.Beijing, the capital of China, is one of cities in the world. . ( )7.I think Bob is the suitable person to take the job because he can do the work well with money and people. A. less; less B. less; more C. more; fewer D. less; fewer ( )8. The boy doesn't speak ____ his sister, but his written work is very good. A. as well as B. so good as C. more better than D. more worse than ( )9. Taking buses in Beijing is_________ than taking taxies. A. more cheaper B. much cheaper C. less cheaper ( )10.--Look at that model ship. --I know, but it looks like a real one. It's just _____ . A. small B. very small C. smaller D. smallest ( )11. --Who did English home-work better, Leo or Nick? --Leo was more careful. I think Leo did Nick. A. as good as B. as well as C. better than D. worse than ( )12.-- I don't have enough money. This watch is too expensive --Look, there are some more over there. They're and nice. A. big B.old C. small D. cheap ( )13.--Which province is the one in winter? --It should be Hainan Province, I think. A. coldest B.hotter C. warmest D. Cooler ( )14.--Let's buy some cards for our teachers on Teachers' Day. --Why not make some by hand. It's much A. nteresting B. more interesting C. the most interesting ( )15.-- Did you have a wonderful time at the party? --Yes, it's one I've ever been to before. A. a more excited B. a more exciting C. the most excited D. the most exciting ( )16. Now the air in our city is than it used to be.Something must be done to stop it. A. very good B. much better C. rather bad D. even worse ( )17.--Mum, could you buy me a dress like that? . --Certainly, we can buy _______one than this, but _______ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; not as good as ( )18. --Oh. I'm hungry. --Mum, can I have the hamburger on the plate? --No. It tastes A. terribly B. terrible C. good D. well ( )19.--What do you think of your English teacher? --I love her. She is really . She always has a smile on her face. A. outgoing B. funny C. friendly D. serious ( )20.--Tim, do you think time is money? . --Yes, but I think it is money. A. more important than B. very important as C. the same as D. not important as ( )21.--Where did you go on holiday this summer? England? --You are . We went on a10-day tour to Paris. A. funny B.right C. cool D. close ( )22.l am really serious , for I can't find my backpack. A. worried B. angry C. disappointed ( )23. We are not certain if it will be fine tomorrow. A. exact B. convincing C. sure ( )24.It is not so as yesterday, so there are people sitting in the square. A. cold; fewer B. warm; more C. cold; more ( )25.--How about the dishes? --Fantastic! Nothing tastes A. nice B. better C. terrible D. worse 专题六 副词 目标定位 1.掌握副词的词义辨析，尤其是相似的词，其意义有很大差异的，需要重点把握。这是中考 的重点。

2掌握副词的构成：一般情况下是形容词+ ly，但有些词+ly以后，其意义发生了很大的变化， 如late迟到的；
而lately是“最近的，现在的”，这都是中考的重点。

3.重点掌握副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则，这几乎是每年中考都必然涉及的重点。尤其是不规则的变化。

如：well-better-best; badly-worse-worst; little---less-least. 4.熟练掌握常用副词的分类和使用规则，比如：ago和before，almost和nearly的区别等。

5.注意最高级的使用必须有比较的范围和对象。这是初学者较容易忽略的地方，应该重点掌握。

6.了解副词的位置变化：一般放在动词后面。但系动词和be动词后面跟形容词。

第一课时 语法梳理 一、副词的种类、作用和位置 副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征、时间、地点、程度、方式等的情况的词。

（一）副词的种类 如：
1. We often watch TV after dinner. 2. He went home/upstairs quietly. 3. ---How is he doing his homework? --- He is doing(his homework) carefully 4. I have only a little money. 5. How do you go to school? Why don't you go by bus? 6. How often do you go to see your grandparents? 7. The reason why he was late was that he got up late 8. I was away when you were here. I want to know how he finished the work. （二）副词的作用 1.作状语。用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子。如：
He runs fast. I have been very busy these days. 2.作表语，用来说明主语的状态。如：
When the meeting is over, give me a phone call. 3.作主语补足语或宾语补足语，用来说明主语或宾语的状态。如 Did you see anybody in? The boy was seen upstairs. 4.作定语，通常后置。如：
All the students here are my classmates. （三）副词的位置 1．副词作状语时，通常放在谓语动词之后．如果谓语动词后带有宾语．则放在宾语之后 如：
He speaks English fluently．他英语说得很流利。

2．频度副词作状语时放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。行为动词之前。若有多个助动词， 则置于第一个助动词之后。如：
He always goes to school by bus. He is always happy。

3．副词修饰形容词或副词时，置于所修饰的词语之前。但是，enough修饰形容词或副词时，则要放在所修饰词之后。如：
He's tall enough to get the book down．他足够高，可以把书驭下来。

4．有些表示位置的副词，如果宾语是人称代词。该副词应放在人称代词之后。如：put on your Hat中的your hat被it代替时，要说成put it on。

5.时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。若同时出现，则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面。如：
They went swimming in the river yesterday．他们昨天去河里游泳了。

6.程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。如：
I’m very sad to hear that。听到这个消息我很难过。

二、副词的构成 许多副词都是在形容词后直接加-1y构成的。如：quickly。

1.以-le结尾的词去e加y。如：gentle-gently。

2.以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-ly。如：happily，easily。

3.与形容词同形的副词。如：fast，early，hard等。

三、比较等级构成 1.规则变化：副词的比较等级的变法与形容词比较等级的变法基本相同，请参看专题五中“形容间比较等级的规则变化”。

2.不规则变化：
well-better-best badly- worse-worst little --less----least ; much-more-most far-farther/further-farthest/furthest 用法：副词比较等级的用法和结构与形容词的用法和结构相同，请参看专题五中“形容词比较级用法”。但副词最高级前不加定冠词the。

一、基础训练 A.写出下列副词的比较级和最高级形式。

1. early 2. Well 3. hard 4. little 5. slowly 6. badly 7. fast 8.widely B。根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.English is the most (wide) language in the world. 2.He arrived at the bus station an hour ( early) than yesterday. 3. Look at the sun. It always shines (bright) at this time of year. 4. It's best to say ( little) and do (much) 5.His mother came into the room ( quiet) . 6.Li Ming jumps (high)in his school. 7.Jane looks (bad)ill today. 8.My father does everything more (care) than my mother. 二、用适当的副词代替句中的划线部分。

1.In fact， what you said just now is right.（ ） 2. Why did she crash the dishes with anger on the ground? ( ) 3. He won the first place at last. ( ) 4. The old woman lives in a wooden house without any other person. ( ) 5.1 can climb the wall without any difficulty.( ) 6. All of a sudden, the car ran into a tall tree. ( ) 7. He always does his homework without any care. ( ) 8.I'd better start at once. ( ) 三．句型转换 Tom works harder than the other two boys. =Tom works __ of the three boy 2. Jane went to the park yesterday ,and Jack went there, too. = Jane went to the park yesterday and Jack went there. 3. I prefer science to any other subject . = I like science other subject. 4. Why are you late for a second time? =Why are you late ? 5. The snow was very heavy last night =It last night. 第二课时 疑难拓展 疑难点一 原形既是形容词又是副词，但同时也存在加ly构成的副词，这两种形式的副词要 区别开。常见的有：hard努力地-hardly几乎不；
high（有形的）高-highly（比喻意义上的）高度地；
deep（有形的）深-deeply（比喻意义上的）深深地；
wide（有形的）宽-widely（比喻意义上的）广泛地；
near（指时间、距离、事件等）附近，靠近-nearly几乎；
most大多数-mostly大部分地；
close（有形的）靠近-closely（比喻意义上的）密切地；
late晚，迟-lately最近，近来。

疑难点二 much too和too much的用法辨析 much too意为“实在太，非常”，修饰形容词或副词原级。如：much too difficult; too much意为“太多”，修饰不可数名词，与too many相对（too many修饰可数名词复数）。

如：too much rain,too many words。

疑难点三 already和yet的用法辨析。

1．already常用于肯定句，如：I have finished already. 2．yet常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。如：They haven't been there yet. 疑难点四 too，as well，also与either的用法辨析。

1．too和as well主要用于肯定句，常放在句尾。如：
He likes English,l like it,too. She can dance and she can sing as well. 2.also主要用于肯定句，常放在be动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前。如：
She can dance and she can also sing. 3.either用于否定句，常放在句尾。如：
I don't go to school today. He doesn't either. 疑难点五 rather和fairly意为“相当”，rather修饰褒义词或贬义词皆可，fairly只修饰褒义词。

rather可修饰比较级或由too修饰的形容词或副词，而fairly不可以。如：
The question is rather too difficult for me. 疑难点六 ago和before的用法辨析。

1.ago和before意为“以前”，ag。是以现在为起点向前，表示“距现在多少时间以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不能单独使用。如：
I arrived here a few minutes ago. 2. before表示从过去或将来的某个时间点算起的“以前”，常用于完成时态的句子中，可以 单独使用。如：
I have never read such a moving story before. 3．before可作连词、介词，如：
Do it before you forget. before还可构成词组before longs‘不久以后”。如：
He will come here before long. long before“很久以前”，如：
I had seen the film long before. 疑难点七 nearly与almost的用法辨析。

1.almost和nearly意为‘‘几乎，差不多”，almost可与never，nobody，nothing，no，none,too， more than等词连用，而nearly则不可以。如：
This is almost more than we thought. 2.nearly可被very或pretty修饰，而almost则不可以。如：
She looks like her mother very nearly. 疑难点八 too，enough及so的用法辨析。

1.t oo意为“太，很”，用于“too…to…”结构，表示“太……而不能……”。如：
The boy is too young to go to school. 2．enough意为“足够”，用于“形容词／副词原级+ enough to…”结构，表示“足够……以 至于能……”。如：The boy is old enough to go to school. 3.so意为“如此”用于“so…that…”结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。

It is so cold that you'd better put on your coat. 疑难点九 “not+比较级+than”及“no+比较级+than”的用法辨析。

1．“not+比较级+than”表示“一方不比另一方更……”。如：
Helen does not work harder than any other students in her class.海伦学习不比她们班任何 别的学生更努力。

2．“no+比较级+than”表示“和……一样不，仅仅”。如：
Lily speaks English no better than Lucy.莉莉的英语说得跟露西一样不好。

疑难点十very，much，very much的用法辨析。

1.very常修饰形容词和副词的原级，但不能修饰动词。如：
The story is very interesting. 2.much修饰形容词和副词的比较级。如：
He runs much faster than Li Lei. 3.very much修饰动词。如：
Thanks very much, 疑难点十一 sometimes，some times，sometime相some time的用法辨析。

1．sometimes意为“有时候”。如：
Sometimes we are busy but sometimes we are not. 2．some times意为“数次”。如：
l have been to Beijing some times. 3．sometime意为“某个时候”。如：
We will meet sometime next week. 4．some time意为“一段时间”。如：
I have been here for some time. 疑难点十二 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly友好的，lovely可爱的，lonely孤独的，ugly丑陋的，本身就是以-ly结尾的形容词，不要把这些词误认为是副词。

疑难点十三 every day是副词短语，意为“每天”，用作状语；
everyday是形容词，意为“平常的，日常的”，用作定语。如：
The classroom must be cleaned every day.必须每天打扫教室。

These are everyday English．这些是日常英语。

能力提升 I.单项选择 1. Daniel plays chess ，if not better than,David A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 2. Daniel is a careful driver ,but he drives of my friends. A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully 3. Traveling by air may be _______but not so ______ . A. quicker; cheaper B. more quickly, cheap C.quicker, cheap D.more quickly; cheaper 4.Though he has studied at Russian for ten months,he can still speak the language. A. hard; hard B. hardly; hardly C. hard; hardly D. hardly, hard 5. They all looked at the teacher when he told them the good news. A. sadly B. happily C. sad D.happy 6. Remember to e-mail me. All of us hope to hear from you . A. quickly B. soon C.fast D. quick 7. --Mum? I think I'm to get back to school. --Not really, my dear. You'd better stay at home for another day or two. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. Good enough 8. I don't think this shirt fits her. It's small for her. A. much too B.very much C. too much D.so much 9. Look ! This is a pair of new shoes for you. Please try . A.it on B. on it C.them on D. on them 10.-- do you like the film? --Very interesting. A. How B. Who C. What D. When 11. I am too tired to walk any A. farther B.farthest C. further D. furthest 12. Beijing has many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours. A.so B.very C.too D.much 13.It’s a beautiful stamp. A.quite B.too C.very D.so 14.Have you found your pen ? A. already B. yet C. ever D. still 15. This kind of cellphone sells . A. good B. well C．nice D.fine II.下列每个句子中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。

1. I'm working deeply into the night these days for a report. 误：
正：
2.Jim doesn't study as careful as the other students do. 误：
正：
3. Many young Chinese don't hardly know about the history of their country well. 误：
正：
4. He told his parents that nearly nothing in the shop was worth buying. 误：
正：
5. He went to the beach by train two months before. 6. Though the big man pushed the door as hardly as he could he didn't open it. 误：
正：
7. It seems that the warm weather started more earlier this year than it did last year. 误：
正：
8. The earth is very smaller than the sun. 误：
正：
9. Tom is the shortest of his three brothers. 误：
正：
10. Though Jim plays football best in his class, he plays no better than I. 误：
正：
III.用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。

l.It snowed （heavy) last night and now everything gets white. 2.--What do you think of the football match? --Wonderful.They played the (good) this time. 3. The wind is blowing (strong). 4.After the long walk, he can’t walk any_____________(far). 5. You must be more ,Jim.Look,you wrote______________ ( careful). IV.根据汉语意思，完成英语句子，每空一词。

1.无论如何，你必须认真回答我的问题。

，you have to answer my questions_____________. 2.你能讲得更清楚一点吗？ Can you speak 3.快点走，离车站还有三百米远。

Walk !The station is still three hundred meters . 4.他通常乘公交车上学，很少骑自行车。

He goes to school by bus， by bike. 5.最终飞机安全地到达了机场。

，the plane at the airport . 疑难突破 单项选择。

1. all the students in his class? Xiao Ming writes . A. Of; most carefully B.In; the most carefully C. Of; very carefully D.In; much more carefully 2.Our monitor takes more exercise every day, for he believes he does,he'll be . A.the less; the stronger B. the more; the thinner C. the more; the stronger D. more; stronger 3. --Did you find the small village yesterday? -- Yes,without any difficulty, for it has changed over years. A. hardly B. greatly C. clearly D. nearly 4.--1t seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures. --Right. That's what she likes to do . A. more B.less C. most D.least 5.I can be a nurse. I'm not a very patient person A. seldom B. ever C. never D. always 6. The Internet is very useful for us.We can find information. A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly 7.- -Would you like some coffee? --No,thanks.I drink coffee. --Coffee is bad for my stomach. A. almost B. already C. hardly D. still 8.I often laugh when I see my grandma learning pop songs. she says,“One is never old to learn. " A. too B. so C. very D. quite 9. China is developing of all the countries in the world． A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the most fast 10. I ride a bike to school. But this morning I took a taxi because I got up late. A. never B. sometimes C. Seldom D. usually 11. We haven't decided we'll go to Shanghai next week. A. where B.when C．why D.who 12.--Which color do you like ，blue or green? -- Blue. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 13. At the sports meeting, Simon jumped as as Daniel. A. high B. higher C. slow D. slower 14. --Mr Smith,Would you please speak a little more ? -- Sorry! I thought you would follow me. A. slowly B. politely C. seriously D. clearly 15. Some students spend time on the Internet. They forget to study, eat and sleep. They can't even communicate with people in real life. A. too many C. too much B. many too D. much too 16. --I saw you come to school by bus this morning. --Oh, I come to school by bus, but it is raining today. A. Hardly B. always C. sometimes D. usually 17.As we all know,smoking is bad for us,_______for children. A. especially B. recently C. probably D. nearly 18. She always does her homework than her brother. A. more careful B. careful C more carefully D. carefully 19.--I didn’t know you take a bus to school. --Oh, I take a bus, but it is snowing today. A. hardly B. never C. sometimes D. usually 20. --Can you hear me? --No, I can't. Would you pleasespeak ? A. clearly enough B. clear enough C. enough clear D. enough clearly 21.-Can you understand what I meant? --Sorry, I can follow you. A. always B. almost C. nearly D. hardly_ 22. --How often do you go to a concert? -- ever. I'm not interested in that at all. A. Usually B. Hardly C. Almost 23.Let's do it ．There is only five minutes left. A. hardly B. slowly C. quickly D. politely 24. --Would you please drive ? My plane is taking off. --I’d like to,but safety comes first. A. faster B. better C. more carefully D. more slowly 25.--Miss Gao is very popular with her students. --Yes. Her classes are lively and interesting. A. seldom B. never C. sometimes D. always 专题七 介词 目标定位 1．熟练掌握介词in，on，at，to，from. by，with，for，about，after，before等的一般用法。

2. 理解“介词十时间词”的区别。如：at对应时间点；
in用于将来的时间段等。

3. 理解“介词十名词”作状语的用法。

4．理解介词与动词及形容词的固定搭配，以及一些其他用法。

5．掌握介词是种虚词，不能单独使用，必须和其他词结合使用。

第一课时 语法梳理 一、介词的定义和分类 介词是一种虚词。在句中不能单独作为某一句子成分，它必须和名词、代词或相当于名词和代词的其他词类、短语或从句连用。用来表示与句子中其他词之间的关系。它通常放在名词或代词前，构成介词短语。介词后面的名词或相当于名词的词作介词宾语。称为介词宾语。

介词可以分为三类：
二、介词短语及其用法 （一）介词短语的构成 介词短语是以介词为中心词的词组，其构成模式通常是“介词十补足成分”。

三、时间介词的用法 (一）at．on，in 1．at用于表示具体时刻(at 5 0'clock，at 7：30)，也可用于固定搭配(at noon/night/the end)中。

2．on用于表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上(on Monday morning/afternoon/ evening)，也可用于节日前(on Christmas Eve)。

3.in用于表示月、季节、年和泛指的上午、下午或晚上(in the evening，in May，in 1994，in spring)，也可接一段时间，表示从现在算起的一段时间之后，用于将来时中。如：We'll meet in two weeks. during+ 一段时间／一项活动过程，指某期间的动作。如：during the war战争 期间。

（二）since，for 1.since+表示过去具体时间点的词或从句，指从过去某时一直延续至今的动作或状态，主句用完成时。如：
I have lived here since two years ago. 2．For+段时间，指动作延续贯穿整个过程，主句用完成时。如：
I have been learning English for 3 years. （三）after，in 1．after+一段时间，指以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用于过去时。如：
We arrived in Beijing last Friday and after 3 days,we left for Shanghai. 2. after+具体时间点，指过去或将来某个时间之后，谓语用过去时或将来时。如：
He will go to London after 7:00. 3. in+一段时间．指从现在算起的一段时间之后，谓语用将来时，而且in后不能接表示具体 时间点的词。如：
He'll be back in two days. （四）by 1．by+将来的具体时间点，指动作延续到将来具体时间点为止，谓语用一般将来时或将来完成时。如：
Supper will be ready by 6:00. 2. by+过去的具体时间点，指动作延续到过去具体时间点为止,谓语用过去完成时。如：
I had learned more than 2000 English words by the end of last year. （五）until,before 1.until用于否定句中，意为“直到……才”，其前的谓语动词用短暂性动词。如：
The work won’t be finished until tomorrow. 2．until用于肯定句中。意为“直到……为止”，其前的谓语动词用延续性动词。如：
I will work here until 6:00. 3．before+具体时间点，意为“在……之前”，其对应的介词为after。如：
He will be back before 11:00. 四、 表示地点和方向的介词 （一）in，on，to 1．in表示在某一地区之内的方位，属于该范围。如：
Shanghai lies in the east of China．上海位于中国东部。

2. on表示与某一地区接壤的某方位，不属于该范围。如：
North Korea lies on the northeast of China.朝鲜位于中国的东北部。

3. to表示在某一地区之外的某方位，不属于该范围。如：
Japan lies to the east of China．日本位于中国的东部。

（二）over，above，on 1．over表示在某一物体的正上方，不接触。如：a bridge over the river。

2．above表示在某一物体的上方，但不一定垂直，也可指温度、海拔等的刻度。如：the clouds above my house。

3．on表示在某一物体的上面，两物体接触。如：a book on the desk。

（三）under，below l. under表示在某一物体的正下方，与over相对。如：a cat under the table。

2．below表示在某一物体的下方，但不一定垂直，也可指温度、海拔等的刻度，与above相对。

如：Your temperature is below 37摄氏度. （四）in front of，in the front of,before,behind,opposite 1．in front of表示“在……之前”，在范围之外。如：
There is a tree in front of my house. 2. in the front of表示“在……前部”，在范围之内。如：
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 3．before表示“在……之前”,在范围之外，所表示的位置关系和in front of通用。如：
He stands before me.但before更多的是用来指时间。

4.behind表示“在……后面”。与in front of和before相对。如：
The cat is behind the door. 5．opposite表示“在……对面”。如：He sat opposite me on the train. (五) at. in.on 1．at表示在较小的地点。如：at home,at a shop, at school 2．in表示在较大的地方。如：in Beijing,in New York 3. on表示在一个平面上。如：a picture on the wall （六）near/nearby, by/beside 1．near/nearby表示“在……附近”。有一段距离。如：near/nearby my home。

2. by/beside表示“在……旁边”，甚至能触摸到。如：Don't stand by/beside the fire. （七）between. among, round/around/about Between表示“在两者之间”。如：between the two farms。

among表示“在三者或更多者之问”。如：
She is the best student among a11 of us. 3．如果把三者及以上的人或事物分别看待。指两者之间．也可用between。如：
There isn't much difference between the three of them.他们三个（两者）之间没有太大差异。

4．round/around/about表示“围绕，在……周围”。指时间时表示“大约”。如：round/around/ about the school在学校周围；
round./around/about six o'clock大约6点钟。

（八）across, through,past,over,along,down 1．across强调穿过某一平面。如：go across the street。

2．through强调从某一空间内穿过。如：go through the forest。

3. past强调从某事物的一旁经过。如：The car drove past my house. 4．over强调从平面的一边到另一边或越过某一高度，如：fly over the hi11。

5．along/down表示“沿着（街道、河流等）”。如：go along/down the river。

(九)into. out of. onto. off 1. into表示“进入”。如：go into the hill。

2．our of表示出来”。如：run out of the room。

3．onto表示“到另一个平面上”。如：Don't jump onto the desk. 4．off表示“脱离某一地方”。如：get off the car。

五、其他介词 （一）表示工具、手段和材料的介词：with，in，by 1．with指用工具，用身体的某部位或器官。如：Wc see things with eyes. 2．by指用方法、手段．后常接动名词。如：He improved his English by reading. 3．in指用某种语言、工具的具体类型等。如：in English。

（二）表示“包括，排除”的介词：but.except.besides 1．but表示“除……之外”。常与含否定意义的词连用。当but前有动词do时，but后省略 如：I have nothing to do today but wash my clothes. 2．except表示“除……之外”，指从整体中排除except所带的人或物。

如 Everyone is here except Jack. 3.besides表示“除。。。之外还有”，指在原来基础上加上 besides 所带的人或物。如:Besides reading, I love listening to music. （三）表示属性的介词: of of表示“属于。。。的”如: a book of mine我的一本书。

（四）表示来源的介词:from from表示“来自。。。”。如：
a girl from America一位来自美国的女孩。

（五）like, without, against, about, towards 1. without表示“没有。。。”。如：
I can’t succeed without your help. 2. like表示“像”；
as表示“担任，作为，像”。如: Don’t do like this. 3. against表示“反对”，与for相对(for表示“同意”)。如: Less than half of my classmates are against me. 4. about表示“有关”。如: What do you talk about? 5. towards表示“朝，向”。如: He went towards west. 六．介词的省略 1. 表示时间的短语中如果有next, last, one, this, every, each, some, any, all等单词时，不用介词，如：
I will see you next week.我下周来看你。

You can come any day you like.你哪一天来都行。

2. 在不定冠词a/an的短语中，不用介词。如：
three times a day每天三次; an apple a day每天一苹果。

3.含有height, length, size, shape, age, colour等量词的短语在句中作表语，短语前不用介词。如：
What colour is her dress?她的裙子是什么颜色的？ She is the same age as me.她和我同龄。

[记忆口诀] 早，午，晚用in; at黎明，午，点与分; on 年，月，季节和周; 阳光，灯，影，衣帽in; 将来时态介词in. 基础训练 I. 从所给介词中选择适当的词填空。

1. at, on, in a. ______ Mid-Autumn Day b. _______ a quarter to ten c. _______ the 21st century d. _______ a cold morning 2. since, for, from a. I have been learning English ________ over 20 years. b. He has studied English ________ 2008. c. ______ now on, I will learn English in the mornings. 3. in ,after a. We’ll meet again ________ two weeks. b. We started out for the United States on July the first an ________ 20 hours, we arrived at Los Angeles Airport. c. _________ supper, I usually take a short walk. 4. by, until, during a. We had learned 5,000 English words ________ the end of last year. b. I waited for my mother _______ she came home. c. he lives with us _______ the three years. 5. in, on, to a. Korea is ________ the east of China. b. Japan is ________ the east of China. c. Shanghai is _________ the east of China. 6. over, above, under, below a. The average temperature in summer in Qingdao is ________ 30. It is very cool. b. The dog lay ________ the bed. c. The plane flew _________ the clouds. d. The bridge _________ the river has a long history. 7. with, in, by a. You can see it _________ your own eyes. b. Why don’t we go there ________ car instead? c. He made the speech _________ English. 8. across, through, over a. Be careful while walking _______ the street. b. Walk ________ the gate and you’ll see the rest room. c. The plane flew ________ a line of mountains in the southeast. II．用介词短语将下列词组译成英语。

1. 在秋季的一天___________________ 2. 不同于________________________ 3. 起初__________________________ 4. 问题的答案____________________ 5. 独立地________________________ 6. 在格林家______________________ 7. 按时__________________________ 8. 寻找__________________________ 第二课时 疑难拓展 疑难点一 1． on the tree表示枝、叶、果实等长“在树上”。如：
There are many apples on the tree. 2． in the tree表示人或其他物体“在树上”。如：
There is a kite in the tree. 3． on the wall表示物体挂或粘贴“在墙上”；
in the wall表示门或窗等嵌“在墙上”。如：
There is a hole in the wall. 疑难点二 1.常用在后，表示“出发去某地/离开去某地”，for后接目的地。如：
We are leaving for Shanghai this afternoon. 2.to常用在go, come, move return等词之后，to后接目的地。如：
I won’t go to the park this weekend. 3. towards意为“向，朝”，只强调运动的方向，没有“到达目的地”之意。如：
He went away towards the sea. 疑难点三at与某些动词连用，表示攻击的目标，含恶意。如：he shouted at me, “Go out!” to只表示方向，无恶意。如: He said to me, “Bring your raincoat with you!” 疑难点四 1. 表示旅行方式，by后接表示交通工具的名词时，名词用单数形式，且不带冠词和任何修饰语。

如: He goes to school by bus. 2. on/in后接表示交通工具的名词时，名词前应用冠词，物主代词或指示代词等修饰；
在开放型或半开放型的交通工具前用on，在封闭型交通工具前用in. 3. 另外还可用by sea/air/land等表示旅行方式。

疑难点五 1. in the past表示“在过去”，谓语动词用过去时。如：I went to school by bike in the past. 2. in the past + 时间段表示“在过去。。。中”，谓语动词常用现在完成时，表示从现在算起的过去的时间段，包括此时此刻在内。如：I have studied there in the past three years. 疑难点六 1. of sb 用于“It is +adj. +of sb +to do sth”句型号中，形容词为kind, clever, helpful等描述人物性格特征的词。如:It is kind of you to help me. 2. for sb用于”It is +adj.+for sb. +to do sth.”句型中，形容词为easy, hard, important等不描述人物特征的词。如:It is difficult for me to make great progress. 疑难点七 1. to作介词，后面接名词，代词或动名词。如:I look forward to going to Nanjing. 2. 含介词to的词组一定要牢记。如:pay attention to, look forward to（盼望，期待）, get used to, prefer…to… 疑难点八 “动词+介词”短语中，宾语只可以放在介词之后。如：look after her; “动词+副词”短语中，宾语是名词时，可放在副词前或后；
宾语是代词时，只可放在动词和副词之间。如:turn down the TV=turn the TV down=turn it down. 疑难点九 1. be made of “由。。。制成”，后接看得见的原材料。如: Our desks are made of wood. 2. be made from“由。。。制成”后接看不见的原材料。如:This kind of wine is made from wheat. 3. be made in“在。。。地方制造”。如:These clothes are make in China. 4. be made into“制成。。。”如:The piece of paper can be made into a paper plane. 5. be made up of “由。。。组成”。如: Our group is make up of four members. 疑难点十 1. be used to do sth“被用来做。。。”。如: This wood is used to make chairs. 2. be used for sth“被用来做。。。”。

如: This can also be used for food.这也可以用作食物。

3. be used as“被当做。。。来使用”。

如: The stone is used as a chair. 4. be used by“被。。。使用”。如: the armchair is used by my grandpa. 5. be/get used to sth/doing sth“习惯于做。。。”。如: I get used to getting up early in the morning. 6. used to do sth“过去常常做。。。”。如：I used to go to school by bus. 疑难点十一 1.be famous for“因。。。而闻名”。如：Lu Xun was famous for his works. 2. be famous as“作为。。。而闻名”。如：Lu Xun was famous as a writer. 疑难点十二 表示时间的介词at, on, in 在next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each及all等词前要省略。如this morning, every week等。

能力提升 I. 单项选择 ( ) 1. The new railway station is about five kilometers _______ the village. A. away B. away from C. far from D. far away from. ( ) 2. -Dad, look at the building. It is on fire. -Call 119 __________ mobile phone right now. A. in B. by C. on D. with ( ) 3. Do you know the young lady ________ your mother is talking? A. who B. whom C. with D. with who. ( ) 4. –What do you often do ________ classes to relax yourself? -Listen to music. A. over B. among C. between D. through ( ) 5. I hope all of you can hand _________ your homework ______ time every day. A. out; in B. in; in C. in; on D. in; at ( ) 6. Mr. Li said he would show the students ________ the New York City, which is famous ________ the world. A. about; at B. around; in C. through; in D. towards; around ( ) 7. Let’s go _______ the road. The shop is ________ the other side. A. across; on B. cross; on C. through; in D. between; on ( ) 8. –Are you going to school _______ bus? A. by; by B. from; by C. by; in D. in; at ( ) 9. The little boy tripped _________ a stone and one of his feet was badly hurt ________ a rainy day. A. over; in B. over; on C. at; in D. at; on ( ) 10. ________ fine mornings, old people get together and do exercises by the lake. A. On B. At C. To D. In ( ) 11. Sanya is in the south of the island and it is famous ________ “Tianya Haijiao”. A. as B. for C. in D. at ( ) 12. –What do you call this in English? -It’s a stamp. It is used _________ sending lettlers. A. for B. to C. with D. by ( ) 13. Here are some flowers _______ you _______our best wishes. A. to; for B. for; with C. of; to D. from; to ( ) 14. These coats are different _______ size. A. from B. of C. to D. in ( ) 15. –Your coat looks nice. What is it ________? -Cotton. A. made of B. made in C. made from D. made by ( ) 16. The teacher, ______ his book ________ hand, come over to the blackboard. A. with; in B. /; in C. on; on D. with; / ( ) 17. She gave the students a lesson _________ Mr. Wang. A. instead B. instead of C. instead on D. instead in ( ) 18. It’s very nice ________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup. A. by; by B. from; by C. by; in D. in; at ( ) 19. My parents are pleased _______ my school work this term. A. on B. to C. in D. with ( ) 20. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures ________ a camera. A. as B. for C. like D. of II．根据句子意思，填入适当的介词，使句子完整。

1. The red basket is full ________ strawberries. 2. How are you getting on _______ your physics? 3. _________ the end of last week he had finished one-third of the work. 4. His mother is never worried ______ him. 5. The square is covered _________ colourful flowers. 6. You have to send _______ a doctor at once. 7. Don’t play _________ fire! It’s very dangerous. 8. I often go out _______ a walk after supper. 9. It kept raining ______ a whole week. 10. __________ my great surprise, he failed in the exam. 11. Congratulations ______ you ________ your great success. 12. Don’t laugh _____ others. It’s impolite. 13. The girl made money _______ selling flowers. 14. All these things will be talked ________ next week. 疑难突破 单项选择 ( ) 1.Sally is very happy. There is a big smile _______ her face. A. on B. to C. in D. at ( ) 2.-It’s very important _______ us to make a plan before a new term. -Yes. You must try to make it carefully. A. of B. for C. to D. on ( ) 3.It’s very kind _______ you. Thank you for your help. A. of B. for C. to D. on ( ) 4.All of us went to the park ______ Bob. He had to look after his sister. A. besides B. with C. except ( ) 5.-We’ll have a hiking trip, but when shall we meet? -Let’s make it _______ half past eight ________ the morning of June 21. A. at; in B. /; on C. /; in D. /; at ( ) 6.The little elephant is afraid to go alone. He always walks ________ his mother. A. beside B. behind C. below D. under ( ) 7.Marie Curie, the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, was born ________ November, 1867, in the city of Warsaw in Poland. A. at B. on C. in D. to ( ) 8. The famous actor often plays ______ his children in the park. A. about B. in C. at D. with ( ) 9.–Peter, can you tell me the differences ______ the four words? -Sorry, I don’t know. A. between B. among C. for ( ) 10.–Frank, when will the short meeting begin? -You should come ________ 2:30. If you come 10 minutes _____ that time, the meeting will be over. A. at; before B. at; after C. after; before ( ) 11.–I joined the League _______ May, 2008. What about you? -I’ve been a League member _________ three years. A. in; for B. on; in C. on; for D. in; since ( ) 12.Mr. Black is strongly _______ keeping animals in the zoo, because he thinks animals should also have the right to enjoy freedom. A. up B. for C. against D. down ( ) 13.My uncle has gone to Singapore. He will be ______ in a week. A. out B. off C. back ( ) 14. This kind of dress is _________ this year, and I really want to get one. A. in danger B. in trouble C. in style ( ) 15. If you try to sit on two chairs, you will fall _________ them. For life, you must choose one chair. A. between B. under C. among D. into ( ) 16. While I was standing ________ the window, I saw several boys running _______ the street. A. at; along B. on; at C. in; on D. to; in ( ) 17. The Olympic Games was held _________ August 8, 2008 in Beijing. A. on B. in C. at D. to ( ) 18.The weather here is very hot ________ summer. A. at B. on C. in D. of ( ) 19. -When did the Shanghai Expo open? -________ May 1st, 2010. A. In B. On C. At D. By ( ) 20. –Guess, how much does it cost? -I think it costs ________ 15 and 20 dollars. A. from B. between C. among D. with ( ) 21.-When did your uncle arrive _______ China? -He got to Guangzhou _______ the morning of the 16th of April. A. at; in B. in; in C. to; on D. in; on ( ) 22.Tom told me his parents had arrived _________ Beijing. A. at B. on C. in D. to ( ) 23.Let’s play table tennis _______ Tuesday morning, shall we? A. on B. in C. to D. at ( ) 24.-__________ the heavy rain, we didn’t go camping last Sunday. -What a pity! A. Thanks to B. Because of C. Instead of D. As for ( ) 25.-Can you see some people are waiting ______ the library? -Yes. They are standing in a queue in front of its gate. A. around B. inside C. outside ( ) 26.-It is said that a new zoo will be built in our town. -I’m _______ it. Zoos are terrible for animals. A. through B. besides C. against D. except ( ) 27.Nanjing is a beautiful city. It won “China Human Habitat Environment Prize” ________ 2008. A. at B. on C. in D. by ( ) 28.-How do you travel to school every day? -I go _______ bus. A. on B. at C. in D. by ( ) 29.The police man helped the old woman _______ the road. A. above B. across C. through D. over ( ) 30.We will never forget what happened _______ the afternoon of May 12, 2008. A. in B. by C. at D. on 专题八 情态动词 目标定位 理解情态动词的意义。注意情态动词不能单独使用，只能和行为动词或系动词一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态。

注意区分表示“能力”时，情态动词can与be able to的用法。

掌握can’t/couldn’t表示能力时翻译为“不能够”，表示推测时翻译为“不可能”，这个用法对于初学者而言比较难。

掌握may表示“请求”时，其否定问答形式及其意义。

掌握mustn’t表示“禁止”的意义，不是表示推测的用法。另外，注意用must提问，其否定回答用needn’t，这是中考的重点。

掌握need作情态动词，用于一般疑问句时，其肯定与否定回答形式及其意义。

掌握表示“必须”时，must与have to的用法区别。

掌握can和may表示可能性时。在否定句中，may not与can’t的用法及其意义。

掌握should用法，这是中考重点。

注意will和would的用法，这是中考的重点也是难点。

第一课时 语法梳理 情态动词的定义及分类 情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化(have to除外，用于第三人称单词时用has to)。情态动词后面应接动词原形。既不能接分词，也不能接不定式(ought to除外)。情态动词具用助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句，疑问句及用作简单答语。在英语中，常用的情态动词有：
情态动词的基本用法 can/could的基本用法 表示能力，意为“能，会”。表示现在的能力用can，表示过去的能力用could，如：
She can speak English very well.她说英语说得很好。

I could catch the bus, but I didn’t want to.我当时能赶上车的，但我没想赶。

表示许可，意为“可以”。表示请求别人允许自己做某时，两者都可用，但could表示一种委婉语气。表示允许别人做某事时，一般只用can，不用could。如：
Can I use your bike?我能用你的自行车吗？ Could I come here again tomorrow?我明天还能来这吗？ can/could表示怀疑，猜测时，意为“可能”. can’t/couldn’t意为“不可能”。如：
He can’t /couldn’t be only thirty.他不可能只有三十岁。

This can’t be done by her.这不可能是她做的。

can在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时候会”，即事情可能会发生但并不牵涉到是否真的会发生。如：
Running fast can be very dangerous. 跑得太快有时会很危险。

以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定和否定回答分别用can和can’t；
以could开头的一般疑问句，其肯定和否定回答分别用could和couldn’t，但表示允许别人做某事时，其回答用can，而不用could，如：
-Could I use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗？ -Yes, of course you can. 当然可以。

may/might的基本用法 表示请求或许可，意为“可以”，一般可以与can互换使用。表示请求别人允许自己做某事时，两者都可以用，但是might的语气较委婉。表示允许别人做某事时，一般只用may，不用might。may表示请求时，其否定回答用mustn’t，意为“不可以，不许，禁止”。不用may not。如：
-May I come in? 我可以进来吗？ -Yes, you may. /No, you mustn’t.可以的。/不，你不可以。

表示推测，“可能，也许”。might比may的语气更不肯定，may not意为“可能不”。如: It may rain this afternoon.今天下午可能会下雨。

It may not be the key to the door.这也许不是这扇门的钥匙。

He might be doing his lesson now.他可能正在做功课。

may表示祝愿，“祝愿“。如：
May you succeed!祝你成功！ must的基本用法 表示主观的义务，意为“必须，应该”。如：
You must get up early.你必须早起。

I must go home now.我得回家了。

表示推测，意为“准是，一定是”，一般用于肯定句中。在疑问句和否定句中表示推测一般用can和can’t。如：
There must be a mistake.一定是弄错了。

Someone is knocking at the door. It must be Tom.有人在敲门，肯定是汤姆。

It can’t be Jim. He hasn’t returned from work.不可能是吉姆，他还没下班回来。

3． 否定句中，mustn’t表示禁止，“不可以，不许”。以must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，而否定回答要用needn’t 或don’t have to.表示“不必要”。如：
-Must I come back before 5:00? 我必须5点前回来吗？ -No, you needn’t. /don’t have to.不，没有必要。

（四）need的基本用法 作情态动词时，表示“需要，必须“，只用于否定句和疑问句中。用need提问，其肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或had better not。如：
He needn’t do anything.他不必做任何事。

-Need I go now? -我现在必须走吗？ -Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. -是的，你必须走。/不，你不必走。

（五）had better的基本用法 “had better+动词原形”意为“最好。。。”。主权用来表示劝告或建议，否定式用had better not，提问时将had提到主语前。如：
You’d better get there early. 你最好早点到那里。

You had better not watch TV too much. 你最好不要看太多电视。

（六）shall的基本用法 1．shall用于第一，第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求，如：
Shall we go by train? 我们乘火车去好吗？ Shall she come right now? 马上要她来吗？ 2．shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告、威胁等。如：
You shall finish your homework first.你得先完成你的家庭作业。

He shall pay for this.他一定要为此付出代价。

（七）should基本用法 1．shall的过去式，用于第一、第三人称的间接引语中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。如：
Jim asked if she should bring her friend here.吉姆问她是否该带她的朋友到这来。

2．表示义务、职责。意为“应该”。如：
You should listen to your teacher.你应该听老师的话。

We should be more careful.我们应该更仔细些。

3．表示可能性，意为“按道理说应该”。如：
It should be ten o’clock now.按道理说，现在应该是10点了。

4．表示说话人的特殊情感，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等，意为“居然，竟然”，如：
It should be ten o’clock now. 令人惊奇的是，玛丽意然喜欢杰克这样的人。

（八）ought to的基本用法 1．表示义务、职责、意为“应该”。如：
You ought to make an apology to me. 你应该向我道歉。

2．表示很大的可能性，意为“按道理说应该”，如：
The seats ought to be enough for all the guests. 按道理说，座位对所有的客人是足够的。

（九）will/would的基本用法 1．表示自愿做或主动提出做某事，如意志、愿望或决心等，主要用于每一人称。如：
I will try my best to help you. 我会尽全力来帮你。

I will come to see you tomorrow. 我明天会去看你。

2. 表示请求或建议对方做某事，一般用于疑问句中，常接第二人称。此时would比will语气更委婉。如：
Will you go with us? 你跟我们一起去好吗？ Would you open the window, please? 你可以帮我把窗户打开吗？ 3. 表示规律、习惯、经常性、倾向性，意为“惯于，总是，总会，终归是，注定会”。如：
Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。

He would work all day without rest. 过去他总是一天干到晚，从不休息。

（十）used to的基本用法 1．used to表示过去习惯的动作或过去的状态，但是现在并不如此了，意为“过去常常，过去是”。没有人称和数的变化，常与过去时间状语连用。如：
He used to walk to school. 他过去常步行去学校。（现在不步行去学校了。） My father used to be a teacher. 我父亲过去是一个教师。（现在不再是教师了。） 2．其否定形式为usedn’t to或didn’t use to。其一般疑问句形式是将used提到主语前或用”Did … use to?”的形式。如：
He usedn’t to be so forgetful. 他过去不那么健忘。（他现在很健忘。） Did Tom use to get up early? 汤姆过去一大早就起床吗？ （十一）have to的基本用法 have to通常指由于客观原因而不得不做某事，意为“不得不“。have to的否定句和疑问句构成往往要借助于助动词do的适当形式或助动词will。如：
It was raining. He had to stay at home. 天正下得雨，他不得不待在家里。

[记忆口诀] 情态动词两要点， 动词原形跟后面；

说话语气较委婉， can表“能力”may“许可”；

must“责任”或“义务”， 否定回答换needn’t；

should“应该”， would“愿” have to“被迫”表客观。

基础训练 I．从括号内选择适当的词填空，使句子完整。

1.--Could I take this seat, sir? --Yes, you __________. (can, could) 2. It ________ be very hot in north China in summer. (can, may, should) 3. I have just met him on the street. He ________ be in Beijing now. (can’t, may not, mustn’t) 4. Peter ________ phone. If he does, could you ask him to ring later? (can, must, may) 5. __________ you Merry Christmas! (May, Will) 6.You _________ spit in public. (needn't,mustn't) 7.You _________ come to school so early.(needn't, mustn't) 8.Tell Jerry that he_________ get a gift if he is nice. (will, shall) 9.I think today's children_________ really learn to respect their elders. ( need, should) 10.People _________ die without air or water.(shall,will) II.用方框中所给情态动词的适当形式补全对话。

can. could. have to. may. need. would like 1. A:Do you have enough money? B: No. I still _________ ten yuan. 2. A:What's the time now? B: It's nearly ten o'clock. A: Oh. my God. I ________ ________go now. 3. A: ________ you drive a car? B: No, I can't. I think it's too difficult. 4.A: ________ you________to come to my birthday party tomorrow? B:I ________ ________ to.But I _______ _______ look after my grandmother because she is ill in hospital. 5. A:_______ you give me a hand? The box is too heavy. B:OK.I’m coming. 按要求完成句子，每空一词。

1.李雷八岁时还不会游泳。

Li Lei ________ _________ when he was eight years old． 2.她说她下午可能会来的。

She said that she ________ _________ here in the afternoon． 3.--我必须今天完成家庭作业吗？ 不，你不必。

--________ ________ _________ my home work today? No,________ ________. 4.你应该向梅梅道歉。

You ________ ________ _________ to Meimei 5.你最好州告诉他这件事。

You________ ________ _________ _________him this. 6.--我能帮助你吗， --好的，我想要一件外套。

--_________I ________you? -- Yes．I _______ ________ a coat. 7.邮局离这儿有点远．你最好坐车去。

The post office is a bit far from here.__________take a bus． 8. Can I you find the map?（作肯定回答） ________,I _________. 第二课时 疑难点一 can不表示过去在具体场合下已经成功做成某事的能力，此时需要用was,/were able to，强调经过努终于成功做成某事。如：We were able to finish the task on time.我们能按时完成任务。

疑难点二 can和may表示可能性时．在否定句中，may not“可能不”，语气不肯定；
can’t 表示“不可能”，语气很肯定。

如：Mary may come or may not come today．玛丽今天有可能来,有可能不来。

疑难点三 would，should，could，might等过去式有时不表示过去，而是表示更委婉、客气的语气。如：Could you help me?你能帮我一下吗? 疑难点四 表示“必须”时，must指要做某事的愿望发自内心的，表示主观的必要性。如：I must go to Jack's birthday party我必须去杰克的生日聚会。而have to指做某事是被动的。

受某种压力而为的，表示客观的需要。have to有人称、数和时态的变化。如：He has to go to school every day except Saturdays and Sundays.除了周六和周日他每天都得去上学。She didn't have to come so early.她没必要来这么早。

疑难点五 must用在肯定句中表示推测意为“肯定”；
表示否定推测时，应用can't,意为“不可能”。mustn't意为“禁止，不允许”，不可以表示推测。如：You must be tired.你一定累了。It can’t be our English teacher. He has gone to Beijing.可能星我们的英语老师。他已经去了北京。

疑难点六 may be中的may为情态动词，后如动词原形be．用在句中，maybe为副词，意为“大概．也许”，相当于perhaps，用于句首。如：It may be useful.这可能有用。Maybe you are right this time.也许这次你是对的。

疑难点七 表示征求列方的意见或请求时,will用于第二人称中，shall用于第一、第三人称中。如：Will you please help me?你能帮我吗？Shall I come again?J还能再来吗? 能力提升 I.单项选择。

( ) 1. --Mum, ___________ I play computer games? - -Yes, you can. But you have to finish your homework first. A. must B. may C. will D. need ( ) 2. --I_isten1 Is that Kate playing the piano in the room？ --No. It ______be Kate.She has gone to London. A. may not B. needn’t C. mustn't D. can't ( ) 3. The baby is too young. You give her big pieces of food. A. may B. must C. may not D. mustn't ( ) 4.We hope that as many people as possible __________ join us for the charity show tomorrow. A. need C. must D. should ( ) 5. I'm sorry. I _______ go now. My father told me on the phone that my mother was ill. A. can B. may C. have to D. need ( ) 6.--Who is the girl standing over there? --Well, if you _______ know,her name is Joe. A. must B. may C. can D. shall ( )7. --Where is my umbrella? --It's fine today. You ___ take an umbrella with you. A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't ( )8.--_______the exam paper be handed in right now? --No, it doesn't have to. You may hand it in before ll :30. A. Can B. Must C. Should D. May ( )9.--______ some more people to do the work? . --Yes, I think we do. A. Need we ask for B. Do we need to ask for C. Need we to ask for D. Do we need ask for ( )10. Henry _______ be at home because he telephoned me from Beijing just a moment ago. A. needn't B. isn't able to C. can't D. does not ( )11. ______ you like to come to my party? A. Shall B. Would C.Should D. Will ( )12. -- _______you play football with us? --Sorry.I _______.I ______ tidy my room. ' A. Will, won't; must B. Could; couldn’t; could C. Can; can't; have to D. May; mayn't; must ( )13. The villagers ______ to fetch water from dirty pool before liberation. A. could B. must C. had D. might ( )14. Why ______ he have a talk with her? _______ he do it tomorrow? A. may; May B. must; May C. can; Must D. can; Need ( )15. Tom _______ he in Shanghai because l saw him just now. A. mustn't B. isn't C. may not D. can't ( )16. How______ he so busy? A. must you B. need you C. will you D. can you ( )17. These shoes _______ Jim's. I think. A. maybe B.may be C. may are D.may is ( )18. Peter ____come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will ( )19. --I hit a tree on the way to meet my friend at the railway station. --I am sure that you _______ have been driving too fast. ., A. need B. should C. will D.must ( )20.--Look! It _______ be the new woman manager. --It _______ be her.She has just left for Shanghai. A. can, mustn’t B. must; can't C. must; mustn't D. can't; mustn't II.从括号内选择适当的单词完成句子。

1. --Can I open the window. sir? --Yes, you ________. (can; could) 2. The thief was caught by the police, so he_______(had to; must) hand in all the money. 3. Smoking is bad for my health, and I________ (have to; must) give up. 4. Ben,don't drive too fast. You________(may; can; might) hit the other's car. 5.--May I take it out? -- I'm sorry. You_________ . (couldn't ; mustn't) III.用适当的情态动词填空，使句子意思完整，正确。

1.It's nearly six o'clock. Jim ____ be here at any moment. 2.A computer________ think for itself, it must be told what to do. 3.Jim, you_______ play with the knife,you ______hurt yourself. 4.Jane said she________ not go with Tom,for she didn't like him. 5.________ we go out for a walk? 6.He is feeling much better. You ________ worry about him. 7. _______ you play games with us? IV.下面各句均有一处错误，找出并改正。

1. He can sing in Japanese. and so do I. _______________ 2. I’ll take part in some social activities so that I can knew more about the society. ___________ 3. Look out! The knife is very sharp.You should cut your finger. _______________ 4. You mustn't repair the computer,for it works quite well. _______________ 5. You won't forget what I told you. It's________ very important. 疑难突破 单项选择。

( )1. It doesn't look like rain,so you ______bring your umbrella with you. A. shouldn't B. mustn’t C. can't D. needn't ( )2. The desk is not dirty.You ______clean it. A. mustn't B. shouldn’t C. needn't D. can’t ( )3. --What is your mother going to do this Saturday? -- I'm not sure. She _______ go to see my grandmother A. can B. must C.may ( )4. It's the library! So you _____ know shouting is not allowed here. A. can B. must C. need D. may ( )5. --Mr. Smith must have_______been to your home this morning. --No,he __________,because he didn't know my address. A. couldn’t B. can't C. mustn't D. may not ( )6.Everyone_______ go through the security check (安检）when entering the World Expo Park. A. Yes. you must B. No. you needn't. C. Yes. I can. ( )7.--Must I finish my homework at school? --________.You can do it at home and hand it in next week. A.Yes, you must B.No,you needn’t C.Yes, I can ( )8. --I don't care what my teachers think. --well,you_______. A.could B.would C. should D. might ( )9. --Whose shirt is this? --It______ be Li Lei's. It is too big for him. A.could B. must C. can’t D. might ( )10.--Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? --Yes,you ________ . A. must B. can C. may D.need ( ) 11. --Must I be in hospital for a week,Doctor? -- No, you _________.You can go back home tomorrow. A. mustn't B. needn't C. must ( ) 12. --The lake is said to be dry. Is that true? --It_______ . Look, some kids are swimming in it. A. must be true B. can't be true C. may not be true ( ) 13.--Is the man over there Mr. Brown? --It _____ be him. He's much shorter. A. must B. can't C. needn't D. may ( ) 14.-- ______ your American friend eat with chopsticks? --Yes, but he can't use them well. A. Can B. Should C. Must ( ) 15.--Look at that girl! Is it Susan? --No, it _____he her. She has gone back to her hometown. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. wouldn't ( ) 16.--It's such a long way!What shall do? --You _______ take my car if you want. A. will B. must C. may D. shall ( )17.--Look! The man at the gate ______be our headmaster. He is always standing there every morning. --No, it_____be him.He is holding a meeting in the office now. A. must can't B.must; must C. can't; can't D. can't; mustn't ( )18. --What would you send to your sister as the Christmas gift? --I haven t decided yet. I _______send her a handbag. A. shall B. may C. must ( )19.-- ______ you swim? --Yes, but I'm not a good swimmer. A. Can B. May C. Need D. Must ( )20.-- ______ I borrow these magazines? --Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed. A. Must B. Would C. May D. Need 专题九 动词 目标定位 1.熟记所学动词一般现在时的第一人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式、过去分词。

2.熟练掌握系动词be的用法。

3.初步掌握become，get，look, turn等系动词的一般用法。

4.掌握助动词的一般用法。

5.了解动词的及物和不及物动词用法。

6.掌握can，must，need等情态动词的基本用法。

第一课时 一．动词的定义和分类。

动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词可以通过本身的变化来表示动作发生的时间以及说话 人的语气、态度等。

英语中动词根据不同的分类方式，可以分为不同的类型。根据动词的句法功能可以 分为限定动词（谓语动词）和非限定动词（非谓语动词）；
根据其词义可以将动词分为动作和状态动词。

具体分类如下表所示：
(一)实义动词 从结构上分，实义动词又可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。

1.及物动词 及物动词有其本身的词义，不能单独作谓语，需接宾语才能表达完整的意思；
有被动语态 如：
I bought a computer yesterday.我昨天买了一台电脑。

She is called Li Li by mistake.她被错认为是莉莉。

2.不及物动词 不及物动词本身意义完整，能单独作谓语；
需接介词构成动词短语后再接宾语；
无被动语态，如：
The car stop那辆汽车停下了。

The sun rises in the east．太阳从东方升起。

3. 兼作及物动词和不及物动词的动词 在英语中，及物动词和不及物动词的分类不是绝对的。大多数动词随使用场合的不同而不同，既可作及物动词，不及物动词，有时动词的意义也发生变化。作及物动同时需跟宾语；

作不及物动词时不能直接接宾语。如：
The policeman stopped the car.警察叫那辆车停下。（及物动词） The car stopped.汽车停下了。（不及物动词） We began the meeting two minutes ago. 2分钟前我们开始开会。（及物动词） May I begin now?找可以现在开始吗？（不及物动词） (二)连接主语 连接主语和表示主语身份、性质、状态的动词，称为连系动词。连系动词本身有词义；
不能单独怍谓语。需接表语构成系表结构来表达完整的意思，说明主语的状态，性质、特征或身份，无被动语态，无进行时态。

根据连系动词的功能，可分为状态的连系动词和表示转变或结果的连系动词口。

(1)表示状态的连系动词。

这类连系动词常见的有：be是，feel感觉，keep保持．look看上去，seem 看上去．appear看上去显得， smell来，sound听起来，stand站，lie躺，sit坐，stay保持,taste尝起来。这类系动词表示事物存在的特征或状态。其中look,sound等词后接名词作表语时,要加like.如：
He is tall and thin.他又高又瘦。

She always keeps silent whenever I see her不论我什么时候看见她,她总是保持沉默。

This film looks very interesting.这场电影看起来非常有意思。

He looks like an actor．他看起来像一个演员。

(2)表示转变或结粜的连系动词 这类连系动词常见的有：become变得，get变得，turn变得,come成为,go变得(往怀的方面）， grow长得，fell变得,prove证明。这类动词后而常跟形容词作表语。如：
The weather is becoming warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和了。

The trees turn green in spring.春天树变绿了。

Children fall asleep easily.孩子们睡得快。

（三）助动词 1.助动词的语法意义。

助动词本身没有词义；
不能单独作谓语，需与实义动词一起构成谓语；
表示疑问、否定及时 态和语态或加强语气。助动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。常用的助动词有be,do,have, will, shall,should,would等。

2.助动词的用法 (1)助动词be的用法 ①“be+现在分词”构成进行时态。如：
He is drawing a picture他正在画画。

We are playing football.我们正在踢足球。

②“be过去分词”构成被动语态。如：
The work will be finished in 6 days.工作将在6天后完成。

His homework was done by his father他的作业是他父亲做的。

③“be+动词不定式”构成一般将来时。如：
They are to finish the task next week.他们下周将完成任务。

(2) 助动词do的用法 ①do/does/did+not+动词原形，构成实义动词一般现在时和一般过去时的否定形式。如：
I don't want t come here．我不想来这儿。

She didn't go to school.她没去上学。

②do/does/did放于句首，构成实义动词一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句形式。如：
Do you think you are right?你认为你对吗? Did they finish their homework?他们完成家庭作业了吗？ ③Don't放于句首构成祈使句的否定形式。如：
Don't make noise in the class不要在教室里制造噪音。

Don't be worried不要担心。

④do／does/did放在动词前，用于陈述句和祈使句来加强语气，对动词起强调作用。如：
I do go to your home我一定去你家。

They do help you．他们肯定帮你。

⑤在句子中代替已出现过的主要动词。如：
Do you want to go there?你真的想去那儿吗？ Yes，I do是的，我想去。

(3)助动词have的用法。

①have/has+过去分词：构成完成时及其否定、疑问形式。如：
Have you been there before?你去过那儿吗? He has never been to Hong Kong.他从没去过香港。

②had+过去分词：构成过去完成时及其否定、疑问形式。如：
He had been to England before he came here．在他来这儿之前，已经去过了英国。

③have/has been+过去分词：构成现在完成时态的被动语态及其否定、疑问形式。如：
Many cars have been made in his factory.家工厂生产了许多小汽车。

④had+been+过去分词：构成过去完成时的被动语态及其否定、疑问形式。如：
This kind“toy had not be produced before you bought it这种玩具之前,它还没有被生产出来。

(4)助动词shall 和will的用法 ①shall/will+动词原形：shall用于第一人称．will用于所有人称，构成一般将来时；
如：
We shall go to school tomorrow. 明天我们要去上学。

Will you doit tonight?你今晚会做它吗? ②should/would+动词原形：shall 的过去式should和will的过去式would可用以构成过 去将来时。如：
He didn't know whether or not I should go home yesterday evening.他不知道我昨晚是否该回家。

I didn't know what would happen at that time当时我不知道会发生什么。

（四）情态动词 l.情态动词的语法意义 情态动词本身有一定意义，但不能单独作谓语．需接动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的 语气和情态。情态动词无人称和数的变化。常用的情态动词有：ca could，may，might，will, would, shall, should, ought to, must, have to, need, had better等。

2. 情态动词的用法（略）（见第八章内容） 《注意》have，do既可作实义动词，又可作助动词。

have和do作助动词时，帮助实义动词构成各种时态和语态；
但他们也可作实义动词，有其本身的意思：have拥有; do做，干。如：
I have a computer .我有一台电脑。

I did my homework just now.我刚刚做了家庭作业。

二.动词的基本形式 动词有五种基本形式：动同原形、dong人称单数、动词过去式、动词现在分词、动词过去分词。

（一）动词原形，如：be，have，work，study．lie等。

（二）动词第三人称单数形式 【注意】以-y结尾的动词变为现在分词，y不变,直接加上-ing如：play-playing study- studying。

I.写出下列动词的第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词及现在分词形式。

1. copy________ ________ ________ ________ 2.write________ ________ ________ ________ 3.stop________ ________ ________ ________ 4. lie（躺）________ ________ ________ ________ 5. watch________ ________ ________ ________ 6. pay________ ________ ________ ________ 7. run________ ________ ________ ________ 8.come________ ________ ________ ________ 9.feel ________ ________ ________ ________ 10.be________ ________ ________ ________ II.写出下列名词的动词形式及现在分词形式。

1. writer________ ________ 2.visitor________ ________ 3.teacher________ ________ 4.runner________ ________ 5.discussion________ ________ 6. worker________ ________ 7.description________ ________8.building________ ________ 9 .decision________ ________ 10. talk________ ________ III.从每组单词中选中适当的词（组）并用适当形式填空。

pay spend 1. Tina________yuan for this bag yesterday. 2. Larry________ two days reading this book last week. talk speak say tell 3. Let's _________ about this question together. 4. My grandma often ______ me her stories. 5. She can ______ a little Chinese. 6. Mr. King _________ that China is a great country. wear put on in dress 7. The woman ________ red is my aunt. 8. Tom isn't old enough to ________ himself. 9. Many students____________glasses. 10.______ your hat when you go out. It's cold outside. read see look watch 11. The old man is _______ a piece of newspaper at the desk. 12. Would you like to _______ the soccer match with me? 13. I don’t know this word I have to_______ it up in the dictionary. 14. Can you _______some pictures on the wall? . arrive get 15. Please give me a call when you in Paris. 16. After I _____ home. I began to do my homework IV.用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. Don't _______ (laugh) at others when they are in trouble. 2.In China,the number of the Internet users___________(be) 55 million in 2002. 3. There ______ ( be) some fruit juice in the bottle. Pass it to me,please. 4. You should not_______ (make) a noise in class. 5. You _______(take) a train trip to Beijing last week, didn't you? 6. Someone called me yesterday evening, 7. Your mother _______ (look) young. 8. His face_______(turn) red after finding the truth. 9.--Who sings best in your class? --Jane________(do). 10. I didn’ t go to see the film because I ___________(see) it. V.选出意思相同或相近的词或短语 。

( )1. Let me look at your model plane. A. see B. have a look at C. find D. watch ( )2.1 didn't remember to bring my homework. A. forget B. don't forget C. didn't forget D. forgot ( ) 3. My mother enjoyed the TV programme very much. A. liked B. watched C.saw D. hated ( )4. She had a look at the beautiful flower. A. looked at B. took C. saw D. watch ( )5. Who will take care of the sick children? A. look for B. look after C. look at D. look up ( )6. Let's start to study now. A. begin B. sell C. take D. set ( )7. The girl is in a blue skirt. A. put on B. has C. have D. wears ( ) 8. The tourist went across the road when the traffic light was green. A. went along B. went through C. crossed D. walked over ( ) 9. When someone is in trouble, give him a hand. A. help him B. put up your hand C. borrow your hand D. take away your hand ( )10. We’ll have a meeting to talk about an important thing. A. speak B. discuss C. tell D. say 第二课时 疑难拓展 疑难点一 系动词后面的表语可以是形容词、名词、动名词、不定式、介词短语，但不可以是副词．如：
Th orange tastes well.（误） The orange tastes good（正） 疑难点二 助动词don’t放在句首，构成否定祈使句，而doesn't和didn't无此用法。如：
Don’t be late again! 疑难三 1.实义动词do在否定句和疑问句中，要与助动词do／does／did连用。如：
What do you do on Sundays？（第一个do为助动词,第二个do为实义动词） 2. 实义动词have当“有”讲时其否定形式和疑问形式可以用两种方法进行变化，即用助动词do/does/did或直接用have/has/had. 如:Have you time to play with us? = Do you have time to play with us? 疑难点四 1.根据动作或状态是否能延续，动词又可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示一种可以持续的行为过程或状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用；
如果延续性动词要表示一时的动作时，可以在该动词前加get/begin/come。如：When did you get to know him?你什么时候候认识他的？ 2．终止性动词表示行为或过程是短暂瞬间完成的，不可与表示一段时间的状语语连用，不用于while间状语从句中；
但终止性动词的否定式可与表示段时间的状语连用。如: The snow hasn't stopped since three hours ago.雪三个小时都没停。

疑难点五 颜色的变化一般用turn。如：turn green;天变黑一般那用get/grow。如：get／grow darker; 天气变暖或变冷用become或get。如：become warmer;天变长或变短一般用get。如：
The day is getting longer in summer；
人的情绪变化一般用get.如：get angry,表示长高、变老等一般用grow。如：grow older，表示往好的方面变一般用come。如：come true；
表示往坏的方面变一般用go。如：go mad, go wrong。

疑难点六 come+a+单数名词”或“turn十单数名词”表示“成为一个什么样的人”。如:become a doctor,turn doctor等。

疑难点七 1.speak 说话，强调动作，可作及物动词，后接语言(speak English)还可作不及物词用，意思是“对……说”。如：He spoke to me just now. 2. say 说，强调内容，只作及物动词，后接说话内容。如：He said，“You’re wrong.” 3. tell 告诉，强调讲给别人听，作及物动词,常用词组tell sb. sth。

4. talk 交谈，强调交流，作不及物动词，常与to或with连用，意思是“和……交谈”,如：I talked with my friend.与about连用，意思是“谈论……”。如：They are talking about a film. 疑难点八 1.bring带来，意思是朝说话者现在所处地点或将去的地点带来。如：Bring a gift to me. 2. take带走，意思是从说话者现在所处地点拿走。如：Take your when you leave. 3. carry带，扛，搬，只强涮移动，没有固定的方向性。如:carry a bottle. 4.fetch去取来，强调去别处取某物后又回来，往返拿物。如：Fetch the cup of tea for me,please. 疑难点九 1. borrow为终止性动词，表示主语“借人”某物，常用短语borrow sth from sb.如：I borrowed a book from Li Ming yesterday. 2. lend借，为终止性动词，表示主语“借出某物，常用短语lend sth to sb.如：Kate lent a pen to me. 3. keep保存，借，为延续性动词，表示“长时问地借”,可与一段时间连用口如：I have kept the book for a month.这本书我已借了一个月了。

疑难点十 1. arrive达，不及物动词，可单独作谓语，也可构成“arrive in+大地方”，“arrive at+小地点” 如:arrive in Beijing; arrive at the station. 2. reach到达，及物动词，不可单独作谓语，需接地点名词。如：reach Japan. 3. get到达，不及物动词，后接地点副词。如:get home；
或后接介词to+名词。如：get to school. 疑难点十一 1.listen 积极地倾听，强调动作，可用于祈使句和进行时，接宾语时后面要跟to。如：Listen to me carefully，please. 2.hear自然地听到，强调结果，不可用于祈使句和进行时中。如：I hear someone singing in the room. 疑难点十二 1. see（无意中）看到，强调结果。如：I saw a little girl cry. 2. look（有意地）看，强调动作，后面要跟at。如：Look at the map,please. 3. watch指为欣赏或为某一特定目的注意“观看”，侧重过程，常构成短语watch TV match等。

4．read阅读如:read a book/newspaper. 疑难点十三 1. dress穿，后只接人作宾语，常见词组有：dress给某人穿衣服，dress sb up 打扮某人;get dressed 穿衣服。

2. put on穿上，戴上，后接衣、物，强调动作。如：He put on his coat,then went out. 3. wear穿着，戴着，留（胡须、头发等），后接衣、物等，强调状态，与be in同义。如：we wear a pair a glasses. 疑难点十四 1.死，短暂性动词，强调动作。如:He died in the earthquake. 2.dead死的，形容词，强调状态，如:The poor man has been dead for years. 3. dying垂死的，要死的，形容词。如：The old man is dying． 4. death死，名词。如:The death of the poor man was sudden.那个可怜人的死很突然 疑难点十五 1.pend指花费时间或金钱，用人作主语，后接on sth或(in) doing sth。如:My mother spends one hour cleaning the house every Sunday. 2.cost指值多少钱,物作主语,无被动语态。如：The house cost me a lot. 3.take指花费时间或金钱，其结构为It takes+ 时间/金钱to do sth。如：It takes an hour to get there. 4.pay花钱，人作主语，与介词for连用。如：I have paid for the book. 疑难点十六 look for找,强调寻找的过程；
find找，强调找的结果。如：I am looking for my watch,but I can't find it. 疑难点十七 hung和hanged都是hang 的过去分词，hung意为“悬挂”，而hanged意为“绞死”。如：A murder was hanged las week. 疑难点十八 1. lose意为“输给某人”，固定搭配为lose sb.。如：Our team lost to theirs. 2. fail意为“失败，未做成某事”，其结构为fail to do sth/fail in sth。如：
I failed to finish the work last night. I failed in the exam. 3. beat意为“打败”，后接sb某支队伍。如：We beat our enemies. 4.win意为“赢得”，后接出赛、名次、地位、荣誉等名词。如：
I won the first prize in the contest比赛中我得了一等奖。

疑难点十九 1.join 参加，后接党派、组织等名词。如：I joined the club last year. 2. take part in参加，后接聚会、活动、比赛等名词，强调主动参与，并起积极作用。如：
I always take part in all kinds of activities. 3. attend 出席，强调被动出席,后接会议、活动等名词。如：
We have to attend meeting today. 疑难点二十 l. turn on打开（水、电或煤气的开关）。如：Please turn on the light. 2. turn off关掉（水、电或煤气的开关）。如：Please turn off the TV when you go to bed． 3. turn down调低,turn up调高。如：I can’t hear it clearly，please turn up the TV． 疑难点二十一 1. happen发生，强调偶然发生，是不及物动词，无被动语态，常见结构有：sth happen to sb某人发生某事.happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事。如：What happened to him? He is so angry. 2.take place发生,强调预料中的发生，是不及物动词，无被动语态。如：
A sports meeting took place last week 3.break out发生，多指战争的爆发或火灾的突然爆发。如：A big fire broke out last night. 疑难点二十二 1.lose 丢失，一般指失去不易找回，如：I lost my watch on my way home. 2.miss, 未觉察，错过……; miss还有“思念，想念”的意思。如：
I missed the 7:30 train. I missed my parents very much when l was away from home. 3. sth is lost=sth is missing某物丢了,sb is lost某人迷路了;sb is missing某人失踪了。如: I was lost in the fog. My little brother was missing. I.用词的适当形式填空。

1. spent half an hour __________(finish) the work yesterday. 2. He will go to the park if it________ (not rain) tomorrow. 3.We __________(learn) 2000 English words so far. 4.The baby stopped___________(cry) when he found his mother. 5. Last night, my friend invited me_________(go) to his birthday party. 6.I think I should ___________ (ask) what I was supposed to wear. 7.In Switzerland, it’s important _________(be) on time. 8.We'd better not visit relative's house without __________(call) first. 9. On weekends kids usually plan________ (do) something interesting,or go somewhere together. 10. The film __________(make) me sad last night. 11. Did you have fun ___________ (play) near the sea? 12.I’d rather_________ (walk) than take a bus. 13. He prefers _________ (give) to receiving. 14. My friend Carmen pretended___________(like) the gift. 15. Yesterday I forgot ___________(lock) the windows and it rained all night. II.按括号内的要求进行句型转换。每空一词。

1. Bob goes to school on foot.（改为否定句） Bob ______ to school on_____foot. 2.I like to play with my friends.（对画线部分提问） ______ do you like ______ _______ ? 3. Li Ming wants to be a teacher in the future.(对画线部分提问） ______ _______ Li Ming ______ to______ in the future? 4. Miss Wei often helps us learn our English.（对画线部分提问） ______ _______Miss Wei often_______ you_______？ 5. He takes the number 17 bus to the hotel.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______the number 17 bus to the hotel? III.根据短文内容用适当的动词填空。

Li Ming often l up at six o’clock 2 breakfast at home .He _3_____ to school at seven forty.Classes 4_________ at eight o'clock. There 5________ four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon. Li Ming 6_______ hard. He likes English very much. He7 English every morning.Li Ming 8 his homework in the evening. He likes 9 TV. But he only 10 it on Saturday and Sunday. He is a good student. 单项选择。

( )1. Please ___ the TV. We'd like to watch the football game. A. open B. move C. turn off D. turn on ( )2. The book still ______where I ______ it a moment ago. A. lies; laid B. lied; lay C. laid; lied D. lies; lay ( )3. The teacher told the class to ____their hooks. A. put away B. put by C.put on D. put up ( )4. The manager again______the workers for advice. A. turned over B. turned to C. turned away D. turn off ( )5.Plastics(塑料)are used to ______wood in many ways. A.take place B. take his place C. take place of D. take the place of ( )6. I______ the good news yesterday evening. A. listened B. sounded C. listened to D. heard ( )7._______come in, please. A. Will B. Do C. Won't D. Did ( )8. She forgot to tell me which bus to _______. A. travel B. take C.ride D.have ( )9. Never buy shoes without ______them ______first. A. getting, on B. taking, on C. having, on D. trying, on ( )10. The doctor says that a few day's rest in a quiet countryside will _____you a lot of good. A. make B. do C. get D. have ( )11. We_____ each other the best of luck in the examination. A. hoped B. wanted C. asked D. wished ( )12. ______ this book and tell me what you think of it. A. Look through B.Look on C.Look into D. Look up ( )13. Lily ________ a book about China last month but I don't know whether she has finished it. A. wrote B. had written C. is writing D. was writing ( )14. --Who told you to clean the windows? --Father _______.He said they were too dirty. A. told B. did C. has told D. had told ( )15. --Well, let's go to vi.sit the museum this Saturday. --That______great. A. feels B. looks C. sounds D. tastes ( )16. --Look! She's skiing so fast f --Hard to_____ her legs were once broken. A. know B. realize C. imagine D. find ( )17. He ____less time reading stories about film stars than before. A. takes B. spends C.costs D. pays ( )18. Oh, Danny. It's raining outside,you'd better ______ your raincoat. A. put on B. put up C. dress D.wear ( )19. Little Jenny wants to _______teacher when she grows up. A. become B. be C. turn D. i.s ( )20. --How long may I ______ the book? --For two week.s. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy ( )2l. The tour guide ____autumn is the best season to visit Jiuzhaigou. A. talked B. told C. said D. spoke ( )22. --What's the matter? --I am having trouble _______who has taken my book. A. finding B. looking for C. finding out D. looking up ( )23. --Our team_____ the match.We've got the first place! --Well done! Congratulations! A. hit B. beat C. won D. watched ( )24. --Would you please _____ the TV a little? Little Tom is sleeping. --Sorry. I will. A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on D. turn off ( ) 25. With the help of the computer,news can______every corner of the world quickly. A get B. arrive C. reach D. return ( )26. We must ____the truth of the matter A. look at B. look for C. find out D. find ( )27. This TV was made ______ China. A. in B. at C. off D. down ( )28.Those foreign visitors ______ our city the day before yesterday. A. arrived B reached C. reached to D got in ( )29. If you want to know the meaning of that word, you'd better________in the dictionary. A. look it up 13. look up it C. look it for D. look for it ( )30. The nurse _______,but found it was right. A. took some medicines B. took some exercise C. took my temperature D. took care of me V.下列每个句子中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。

1.I knew Jim when we were still children. 误：_____________ 正：_____________ 2. I was about to start out for exercise it started to rain. 误：_____________ 正：_____________ 3. She must know you well, but I'm about it. 误：_____________ 正：_____________ 4. You can borrow this book for 14 days. 误：_____________ 正：_____________ 5. She looked angry at the broken vase. 误：_____________ 正：_____________ 6.-- May I try out the T-shirt? --Sure, the dressing room is over there. 误：_____________ 正：_____________ 7. The Second World War happened in 1939. 误：_____________ 正：_____________ 8. Turn left at the end of the street. The post office is on the right, and you can't lose it. 误：_____________ 正：_____________ 9. Does he his homework after .school every day? 误：_____________ 正：_____________ 10. The chicken you cooked was tasted delicious. 误：_____________ 正：_____________ 疑难突破 I.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。

December 8th, 2010 Dear Jimmy, I__1__________ (be) in Yantai for half a year. Yantai 2 (he) in the north of China, so it's quite cold in winter.It has just 3 (snow)twice here.I think I 4 (have) the first “ White Christmas” in my life.It's so warm in Australia and so cold here.It’s hard 5_______ (believe), isn’t it? Thank you for the wonderful stamps.I ___6________ (get) over three hundred Chinese stamps since I ___7_________ (come) here. I ___8________(send) some panda stamps to you soon.I think you ___9________ (like) them.I hop e you can also come to China when your parents __10________(come) in August.We will have a good time together. Yours, Mike 1.________________ 2.________________ 3.________________ 4.________________ 5.________________ 6.________________ 7.________________ 8.________________ 9.________________ 10.________________ II.单项选择。

( )1.--What do you think of the cake? --I like it very much.It tastes _______. A. good B. terrible C. Well ( )2. The cookies ________ good. Could I have some more? A. taste B. smell C. feel D. sound ( )3. --Shall we go for a picnic in the park this Saturday? --Oh. that ___ good. A. feels B. looks C. tastes D. sounds ( )4. --Which T-shirt do you prefer? --The red one. it ________ more comfortable. A. tastes B. smells C. feels D. sounds ( )5. -- Shall I take you to the shopping mall after work? --No, thanks. My father said he would _______ on his way home. A. look for me B. pick me up C. let me down D. take after me ( )6 )This type of MP4 is my favorite, but I can't ______it. A. spend B. cost C. pay D. afford ( ) 7. The boys arrived late at the cinema, and ______the start of the film. A.. caught B. missed C. got D. lost ( )8.Sally.______ your sunglasses. The sun is so bright. A. put on B. put up C. put away D. put down ( ) 9. --I never thought she would_______ my invitation to the concert. --She would feel sorry for missing the concert some day. A. refuse B. suppose C. return D. remind ( ) 10. Don't do any other things while you are doing your homework. So please________ your MP3. A. turn up B. turn down C. turn on D. turn off ( )11. --Tom,______ your T-shirt right now! It looks so dirty. --Sorry. Mum. I was playing football the whole afternoon. A. take off B. take on C. put off D. put on ( )12. --Are your shoes expensive? -- No. I only_______ five dollars on them. A. used B. cost C. spent ( ) 13. Go along the street.The museum is just on your right.You can't _______ it. A. make B find C. miss D. fail ( )14. Have you -_______ your new classmates yet? A. had friends with B. made friend with C. got friend to D. made friends with ( )15. --How long could I _____ your English-Chinese dictionary? --Only one day, please. A. keep B. borrow C. lend D. get 专题十 一般现在时 1.掌握一般现在时的基本构成，能在口语和书面语中正确运用。

2.掌握一般现在时表示目前存在的状态、性质或经常发生的动作或习惯的用法。

3.掌握一般现在时表示客观事实或普遍真理的用法。尤其注意当宾语从句表示客观事实或者 真理时，即使主句是过去时，宾语从句中的谓语动词也用一般现在时。这是考生的易错点。

4.掌握一般现在时表示主语具备的能力、性格、特征或存在的状态的用法。

5.掌握动词come．go, run，start等表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作时，使用一般现在时表示将来的用法。

6.掌握动词want，hope, wonder，think, intend以及情态动渊could．would等，使用过去时 表示现在，表示委婉语气的用法。

第一课时 一．一般现在时 一般现在时表示经常、习惯性的动作或存在的状态；
表示主语的特征等；
表示客观真理。

般现在时．除主语是第三人称单数时要在动词后加s或es外，其他用动词原形。与一般现在时连用的时问状语有always, usually,often,sometime, seldom never, every day, every month, on Sundays. once year等。

如：
1. We often play football after school. My father goes to Beijing once a week. 2. The earth goes around the sun. All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。

3.You look tired today你今天看起来很疲劳。

She can speak English very well.她能讲口流利的英语。

He is German他是德国人。

4.The final exam takes place next month..期末考试下周进行。

The next bus leaves at 11:00.下一辆公共汽车11:00 离开。

5. Jack throws the basketball to Mark, and Mark catches it杰克把球传给了马克，马克接住了球。

6.“What is your hobby?”he asked me.他问我：“你的兴趣爱好是什么?” 7 .He won't come if it rains.如果天下雨，他就不会来了。

I'll let you know as soon as I hear from him.我一接到他的情就告诉你。

8. There comes the bus.汽车来了。

There goes the bell铃响了。

基础训练 I.写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。

1. work ___________ 2. clean___________ 3．guide ___________ 4 check___________ 5. drive ___________ 6.wash___________ 7．watch ___________ 8. fly___________ 9．print ___________ 10. spell___________ Ⅱ．用be 动词的适当形式填空。

1.I _______ a student. You ___________a teacher. 2.She_______my friend. 3.--________ you Li Fen? --No.I _______ not 4.--Mr Green very busy? --Yes, he________. 5. He must _______ at home. 6. Comedy_________ very interesting 7. ___________ thrillers very scary? 8.You and I ________ good friends. 9.His friends _________ very funny 10. The twins ________ very happy because they want to go to see a movie. 11. The girl in red clothes _____ my sister. 12.________ _math interesting,Jenny? III.用括号内词的适当形式填空。

1.1 often ________ (go) to school by bike. 2.If it _________ (rain) tomorrow, we won't go to the park. 3. Tim usually _____ (get) up at six o'clock. 4.______ you______ (brush) your teeth every morning? 5. What_______ Sam usually ________ (do) after school? 6. ____ you ______ (read) English every day? 7. How many lessons _____ Peter_______ (have) on Monday? 8. My brother sometimes ________ (go) to the park with my uncle. 9.I_________ (study) Chinese, math, English, science and art at school. I0. There_________ ( go) the bell. The students are going into the classroom. 11. When I___________ (grow) up, I will travel around the world. 12. The football match _________(start) at 8 0'clock. The players are getting ready for it. 13. Pride________(go) before a fall（骄者必败。） 14. Daniel throws the ball to John and John________(catch) it 10. Amy_____ (write) good English but ______ (not speak) English well. V从括号中选择适当的单词完成句子。

1. I ______ have lunch at school.(doesn't; don't) 2. All my friends ________ happy to meet you here. (have, are) 3. --Why____ he like bananas? (does; do) --Because they're very delicious. 4.It seldom ______ here in December.( snows; snow) IV.根据短文内容，选择方框中所给单词，并用其适当形式填空。

is, watch, play, studies, doesn't , are, goes, swimming , does Emily ____1___a student.She____2___ in No. 6 Middle school. She ____3___to school for five days a week. She and her Friends sometimes 4 games on Sun days. Emily 5 like 6 . 7 she 8 TV in the evening? Certainly, she 9 .Emily's parents 10 . teachers. They are very kind. 1.________________ 2.________________ 3.________________ 4.________________ 5.________________ 6.________________ 7.________________ 8.________________ 9.________________ 10.________________ 第二课时 疑难点一 当宾语从句表示客观事实或者真理时，即使主句是过去时，宾语从句中的谓语动词也要用一般现在时。如：
My teacher told me that light travels faster than sound. 疑难点二 一些动词如be，believe，forget，hate，have，hear，know，like，mean，remember， want，think，taste, smell ，seem等，通常不用于进行时，此时用一般现在时表示说话时的状态或正在发生的动作。如：
1 want to leave right now. 疑难点三 有时现在进行时也可以用来代替一般现在时，描述经常重复的习惯性动作，表示说话者的某种情感（如厌烦，赞叹、埋怨等），常与时间状语always．forever等词连用。如：
He is always thinking highly of himself.看重重自己。

疑难点四 有时过去时也可以表示现在，表示一种委婉的请求。这样的动词有want，hope， wonder，think，intend以及情态动词could，would等。如：
I wondered if you could give me a hand. Could you tell me the way to the park? 能力提升 I.根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。

1．我不喜欢弹钢琴。

I _____ ______ ______the piano. 2.李雷，你知道一年有多少个月吗？ How _____ ______ ______ ______ in a year, do you know, Li Lei? 3.我希望一切进展顺利。

I hope everything _______ _______. 4.千里之行，始于足下。

A journey always _______ _______ the first step. 5.你有英汉词典吗？ _____ ______ ______ an English-Chinese dictionary? 6.他老是犯同样的错误。

He_____ ______ ______ the same mistake. 7.如果你有困难，我就会帮助你。

I _____ ______ you if you_____ ______ problem. 8.这对双胞胎来自法国。

The twins_____ ______ Prance. II.按括号中的要求进行句型转换。每空一词。

1.These red socks are Kate's．（改为一般疑问句） ______ these red socks Kate's? 2. He wants to buy a big green bag．（对画线部分提问） _______ ______he want to _______? 3.Mary does not have any books.（改为肯定句） Mary _____ ______books. 4.He often has rice for dinner.（改为一般疑问句） ______he often ______ rice for dinner? 5.I think Avantar is really interesting .（对画线部分提问） _______ ______ you_______ of Avantar? 6. I pay only 45 yuan for the trousers.（用she改写） _______ ______ only 45 yuan for the trousers. 7.Ann and her mum live in the same city.（改为一般疑问句） ______ Ann and her mum ______the same city? 8.Li Xing goes home late on Friday evening.（改为否定句） Li Xin_______ ______ home late on Friday evening 9. My mother usually has lunch at 12.（对画线部分提问） _______ _____________ your mother usually ______ lunch? 10.She usually watches TV on Saturday evening（对画线部分提问） _______ ______ she usually on Saturday evening? III.单项选择。

( )l.--Can your father drive? --Yes, and he usually ____ to school. A. drove B. is driving C. drives D. has driven ( )2. Happiness _______ in her grandfather's eyes every time he hears her voice. A shines B. is shone C. shone D. was shone ( ) 3. Lucy is always busy, she_______ only five hours every day. A. is sleeping B. will sleep C. would sleep D. sleeps ( )4.--Don't forget to ask him to write to me. --I won't. As soon as he _______ ,I'11 ask him to write to you. A. will come B. come C. comes D. is coming ( ) 5. Jean wants to go to China but she_______ money. A. didn't have B. doesn’t have no C. had D. has no ( ) 6. The teacher told the students that the earth ______ round, not flat. A. was B. is C. has been D. is being ( ) 7.--Is your father a doctor? --Yes, he is. He ______ in Town Hospital. A. has worked B. is working C. works D. worked ( ) 8. Physics _________ much harder than English, I think. A. are B. is C. was D. were ( )9. Every summer the Greens _______fishing in their hometown. A. go B. have gone C. went D. goes ( )10. Now, I _________some tea in the cup. A. am putting B. put C.puts D.am putting ( )11. The final exam_____ next Thursday . A. will take place B. take place C. is taking place D. takes place ( )12.--How much ________ the socks? --Twenty dollars ______enough. A. is; is B. are; is C. are, are D. is, are ( )13. --Tom wants to know if _______ picnic next Sunday. --Yes. But if it _______ , we'll visit the museum instead. A. you will have; will rain B.you will have ;rains C. you will have; rains D.you have; will rain ( )14.--1'd like to borrow a book.The name is Harry Potter. --Let me check it on the computer.Here it is.It ______Han Meimei has got it. A.says B.is said C.has said D.said ( )15.Here ______ a bus.Be quick, or you can’t catch up with it. A.come B.is coming C.comes D.came 疑难突破 I.根据要求改写句子。

1. This is my pencil.（变为一般疑问句） _____________________________________ 2. Mary does not have any books．（变为肯定句） _____________________________________ 3.1 want to buy a big red bag.（对画线部分提问） _____________________________________ 4. The clothing shop is on sale．（变为否定句） _____________________________________ 5. He likes the black bag very much. （变为否定句） _____________________________________ 6. I buy the trousers for only 45 yuan.(用she 改写句子) _____________________________________ 7. It’s an English-Chinese dictionary．（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________ 8. She lives in small town near Beijing.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） _____________________________________ II.单项选择。

( )1.--Do you know if Cindy will drive to Italy this weekend? --Cindy? Never! She ______ driving . A. has hated B hated C will hate D. hates ( )2. Mike is from America. He _______English. A. spoke B．will speak C speaks D had spoken ( )3.--Do you like watching TV? --Yes,I ___ . But only after I finish any homework. A. am B．Do C does D. did ( )4. How time flies!Three years ______really a short time. A. is B are C.was D. were ( )5. --Alice, please tell Eric to call me when he_____back --No problem. A. come B comes C.came D.will come ( )6.--What are you going to do this afternoon? --Weare going to have a football match if it_______. A. will rain B.rained C. doesn't rain ( )7.--Tom will call me as soon he ______home. A. gets B.has got C.got D.will get ( )8.David often_____ to the movies on weekends. He likes action movies on weekends.He likes action movies. A. will go B. goes C. went D. was going ( )9.If you ______ to the 2010 Shanghai Expo next month, I will go with you. A. go B. has gone C. will go D. are going ( )10. If you ______ carefully, you _____ the report well. A. will listen; will be understood B. will listen; understand C. listen;will understand D. listen; understand ( )11. --What does your sister like doing in her spare time? --She_____watching TV . A. likes B. liked C. has likes D had liked ( )12. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he . A. will arrive B. was arriving C. arrives D. arrived ( )13. --Can I help you? --I bought this watch here yesterday, but it ______work. A. won't B. didn't C. doesn't D. wouldn’t ( )14. We ______ our classroom every day. A. clean B. is clean C. is cleaning D. has cleaned 专题十一 现在进行时 1．掌握现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态，不一定表示说话时这个动作正在进行。

2．掌握少量动{司（如go，come，run，leave, begin等）用现在进行时表，下将来的用法。

3．理解现在进行时表明说话者的赞扬、遗憾，讨厌、不满等情感的用法，常与always，forever等词连用。

4掌握有些表示感觉、感情、存在、从属、思考、理解等动词不能用进行时的用法。此类动词有 see. hear, smell,love, like, believe. understand, forget. own，belong等。

5注意在由while引导的状语从句中，通常要用进行时的用法。

第一课时 语法梳理 现在进行时表示现阶段正在发生或进行的动作、存在的状态。现在进行时主要由“am／is/are+现在分词，，构成。常用的时问状语有now，at this moment，these days等。

现在进行时的构成 如：
1. Look, someone is dancing.看，有人在跳舞。

We are watching TV now.我们正在看电视。

2.I am writing my report these days.我这几天在写报告。

They are working in factory this week.他们这周正在工厂工作。

3.He is coming io see you next Sunday.他下星期要来看你。

They are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.他们明天要去北京。

4. Why are you always coming late for class?你为什么总是上课迟到? He is always watching TV when I go to see him.每当我去看他时，他都在看电视。

5. The flower is turning red.花儿逐渐变红了。

The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和了。

基础训练 一．写出下列动词的现在分词形式。

1. go ____________ 2. stay____________ 3. skate ____________ 4. draw____________ 5. tell ____________ 6. ring____________ 7. wear____________ 8. get____________ 9. put ____________ 10. stop____________ 11. know____________ 12. begin____________ 13. close ____________ 14. see____________ 15 carry____________ 二．用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. Look! The children _________ (play) football on the playground. They _________(play) football every Sunday afternoon. 2. Please be quiet! We __________(listen ) to the song You and Me. 3. --Mrs Green likes children very much,doesn’t she? --Yes, that’s true.She _________(write) a children’s book these days. 4.It’s fine today.The sun _________(shine) . 5.Tom and Tim _________(do) their homework at the moment. 6.Be quick!Li Lei _________(wait) for us at the school gate. 7.John's father ______ (run) 5 miles everyday to keep fit. 8. Han Meimei _____ (like) watching TV. She________ (watch) TV every evening. But now she ________ (not watch)TV. She_______ (get) ready for her final exam. 9. It's six o'clock. My teacher________ (work) in his office. 10. --Listen, who ___________ ( read) in the classroom? --Maybe Kate ______ (be). 11. The little girl ______ (look) like her father. Now, she ________ (look) at the photos of her family. 12.I_______(like) drawing pictures very much. Look! I______ (draw) a big tree. 13. Look! The man _______ (save) a child in che river. 14.--What are you_________(do)? --I'm ________ (eat) a banana. 三．根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。

1.电话在响，你能否接一下呢’ The telephone_______ _______ .Could you answer it，please? 2.她总是想着别人而不是她自己。

She_______ ______________ _______ others instead of herself. 3.天气变得越来越暖和了。

The weather_______ _______ warmer and warmer. 4.温总理本周在欧洲访问。

Premier Wen _______ _______ _______this week. 5.这个周日我要去北京。

I _______ _______to Beijing this Sunday. 6.她不在做作业，她在写信。

She_______ _______ _______ her homework. She _______ _______ a letter. 7.--你在和Lisa通电话吗， --不，没有。

-- _______ _______ _______ with Lisa on the phone? --No，I _______ _______ . 8 --孩子们在干什么呢？ --男孩子们在打乒乓球，女孩子们在放风筝。

--_______ _______ the children _______ ? -- The boys _______ _______ ______ and the girls_______ _______ _______. 第二课时 疑难拓展 难点一 当时间状语为no，these days等，或当句子中含有look，listen，be quiet, can you see, can’t you see之类的暗示词时，句子要使用现在进行时。如：
The little girl playing over there now.小女孩现在正在那边玩耍。

We are listening to an English song.我们正在听一首英文歌。

疑难点二 有些表示感觉、感情、存在、从属、思考，理解等的动词不能用进行时。这类词有：
1.表示感觉的动词：see，hear, smell, taste，appear，look，feel，notice等。如：
These apples taste good．这些苹果尝起来不错。

This flower smells nice.这花闻上去很香。

2.表示感情的动词：hate，love，fear，like，want, wish，prefer, refuse等。如：
How I wish I were a bird.我多希望我是一只小鸟啊！ Your clothes need washing．你的衣服需要洗了。

3. 表示存在状态的动词：be．exist，remain，stay等。如：
She remains in poor health.她身体差。

4.表示占有与从届的动词：have，own，belong，form等。如：
This backpack belongs to me.这个背包是我的。

I have two sisters我有两个姐姐。

5.表示思考、理解、知道的动词：understand，know．believe，forget，remember等。如：
Do you know his name?你知道他的名字吗’ I don't remember my first day at school我不记得第一天上学的情形了。

以here，there等开头的倒装句，通常用一般现在时表示动作正在进行。这类句型可转化为进行时句型。如：
Here comes a bus.=A bus is coming公交车来了。

There goes the bell. = The belt is going.铃响了。

由while引导的状语从句通常要用进行时（现在进行时、过去进行时等）。如：
． While you are resting，I’ll read today’s news for you．当你体息的时候，我会为你读今天的报纸。

While l was having my breakfast ,the morning post came．当我正在吃早饭的时候，早班邮件送来了。

能力提升 一．按要求转换句型。

1.The girl is sitting on the blue box.（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答） _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2.He is doing his homework.（改为复数句） _____________________________________________________________ 3. is，what, the girl, over there,in red,doing（连词成句） _____________________________________________________________ 4. She is going on a trip Beijing now.（用I作主语改写句子） _____________________________________________________________ 5. We have a music class on Thursday.(用right now改写句子） _____________________________________________________________ 6.Do you often take exercise?(用now改写句子） _____________________________________________________________ 7. They are having lunch at school at the moment（对画线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________ 8. Everyone is enjoying themselves.（改为同义句） _____________________________________________________________ 二． 根据汉语意思，完成英语句子。每空一词。

1．尼克和他哥哥正在爬梯子。

Nike ______ _______ the ladder with his brother now. 2.我爷爷正在吸烟，跟朋友聊天。

My grandfather is________ and with his friends now. 3.我正在帮妈妈在厨房做饭。

I _______ _______my mother in the kitchen. 4.他正在给他叔叔寄信。

He is _______ _______ ________ to his uncle. 5. 我们在唱歌跳舞。

We _______ _______ ________ ________now. 三．单项选择。

( )1.--Excuse me, where is Jim？ --Oh, he ______ dumplings in the kitchen. A. makes B. will make C.is making D. made ( )2.--Hurry up! It's time to leave. --OK.___________. A.I come B.I've come C. I'll come D. I'm coming ( )3.Who ______over there now'? A. dancing B. is dancing C. are dance D. dance ( )4.It's eight o'clock. The students _____an English class. A.have B.having C. is having D. are having ( )5. Look! The children ____ their mother do the housework. A. want B. help C.are helping D.are looking ( )6. My mother __________ TV. A. looking at B. is seeing C. watching D.is watching ( )7.--_____you_____a book? --Yes,l am. A.Do,read B.Are;read C. Are,reading D. Are;looking ( )8.Kate ____the others_____. A. sing ; listen B.is singing; is listening C. sing;are listening D. is singing; are listening ( ) 9. Tom ______ the piano in the room.Please ask him to come here. A. play B. play C. played D is playing ( ) 10. --Mary,could you help me? --Wait a moment. I_______. A. read a hook B. did my homework C. was watching TV D. am cooking dinner ( )11. Never trouble me while I______ in my room. A. will sleep B. asleep C. am sleeping D. slept ( )12. --What a clean classroom! ---It ______ every day. A.is sweeping B. has swept C.is swept D. sweeps ( )13. I ______ my eraser, but I can't______ it. A.look for; finding B. am finding; look for C. am looking for; find D. find; look for ( )14. Now watch carefully and see what_________. A. happened B. happening C.is happened D.is happening ( )15.Why______you always late for class? A. do; come B.are, coming C. was ; come D. are ; come ( ) 16.--What_____ your brother ______under the table? --He is looking for his pen. A. does; do B. did, do C. is; doing D. do; did ( )17. Look! What are you______? You should _____more clothes. It's too cold. A. putting on; put off B. wearing; put off C. having on; wear D. wearing: put on ( )18. The boy isn't _____ the teacher instead, he is______ his homework. A.listening ; making B. listen; making C. listening to; doing D. listen to; doing ( )19. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language_______ ? A. did they speak B. are they speaking C. they are speaking D. have they been speaking ( )20. Mr. Smith _____ short stories,but he _____ a TV play these days. A. is writing; is writing B. is writing; writes C. writes; is writing D. writes, writes ( )2l. --_____the students English? --Yes, they are. A.Are;reading B. Do; reading C. Is; reading D. Are; read ( )22. --_____the students English? --He's listening to music. A. What does he do B. What is he doing C. How is he doing D. Who is he ( )23.Don't make so much noise. The students _____ an English class. A. are having B. have C. had D. were having ( ) 24.Now I _____who he is. A. are knowing B. know C. knew D. was known ( ) 25. In her letter she said,“I ______ on the 8th.” A. was arriving B. would arrive C. was going to arrive D. am arriving ( )26._____you ____ tomorrow ? A.Do;leave B. Have; left C.Are ;leaving D.Did;leave ( )27.--Is this raincoat yours? --No,mine ____ there behind the door. A.is hanging B.hangs C.hung D.will hung ( )28.Sarah ______singing,but she likes dancing.Look!She ______there. A.doesn’t like; is dancing B.doesn’t like; dances C.isn’t like; is dancing D.don’t like ; is dancing 疑难突破 ( )1.Don’t make so much noise.The students_____ an English class. A. are having B.have C.had D.were having ( )2.--Where is Peter? --He _____ volleyball with his friends in the school gym. A. plays B.played C.is playing ( )3.--Shall we go out for a walk? --Sorry,I can’t.I_____my homework. A．do B．Did C．am doing D．was doing ( )4.--What’s your father doing now? --He________ the room． A．cleaned B．cleans C．has cleaned D．is cleaning ( )5.--What are you doing，Simon? -- I have finished my homework，and now I ______ the computer games. A．played B．was playing C．am playing D．play ( )6.--Jack is busy packing luggage(行李)． --Yes.He_____ for American vacation． A.leaves B．1eft C.is leaving D．has been away ( )7.--I______the Great Wall next week． --Have a good trip． A．visit B．visited C．am visiting D.have visited ( )8.Today is Father’s Day．My mother a special dinner for my grandpa now． A．prepare B．prepared C．is preparing D．will prepare ( )9.--Shush，be quiet!The baby_______in the next room. --OK．Sorry． A．sleep B.slept C．sleeps D．is sleeping ( )10.The population of the world still now． A.has；
grown B.is；
growing C.will；
grow D.is；
grown ( )11.My friend me．I have to leave now． A．waits for B．waited for C．is waiting for D．was waiting for ( )12.It outside.You'd better take an umbrella with you． A．rains B is raining C．rained D．has rained ( )13.The zookeeper is worried because the number of visitors smaller and smaller． A．become B.became C.is becoming D．have become ( )14.Mr.Green to the manager now.You’d better call him later． A．talk B．talked C．is talking D．was talking ( )15.--Alice，turn down the TV，please．I on the phone． --Oh，sorry． A．have talked B．talked C．am talking D．talk ( )16.--It’s time for dinner．Where is your father，Emma? --He _____his bike in the yard． A．clean B．cleaned C．is cleaning D．will clean 专题十二 一般过去时 目标定位 1．掌握一般过去时的基本构成，能在口语和书面语中正确运用。

2．掌握一般过去时表示确定的过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态的用法。

3．掌握一般现在时表示在过去一段时间内经常的或习惯性的动作的用法。注意此类用法常 表示频度的时间状语连用。

4．掌握在时间状语和条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时，表示将来的含义的用法。

5．注意wish，wonder，think，hope，know等动词用在一般过去时中，表示动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。

6． 理解would，should，could，might’等过去式有时不表示过去，而是表示更加委婉。客气的语气。

第一课时 语法梳理 一、一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时一般在动词原形 后加一ed构成。常用的时间状语有yesterday，the day before yesterday，three day ago，in 1949，last week／month／year，just now，at that time等。

二、 一般过去时的构成 三、 一般过去时的用法 如：
1．I was a student two years ago．两年前我是一个学生。

we saw her in a shop this morning．今天早上我们看见她在一家商店里。

2．He usually went to sch001 by bike last year．他去年通常骑自行车去学校。

My brother was often late for schoo1 last week．上个星期我弟弟上学经常迟到。

3．The teacher said we would go out for a picnic if it was fine next Sunday. 老师说如果下星期天气好，我们就出去野餐。

He said he would phone me when he arrived there. 他说当他到那儿时他会给我打电话。

4．What did you say?你说什么? What did you see?你看见了什么? 基础训练 I．写出下列动词的过去式。

1．be 2．Die 3． pick 4．talk 5．put 6．make 7．report 8．do 9．chat 10．use 11．Send 12．shine 13．keep 14．hate 15．shout Ⅱ．用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.Susan (be) ill last week． 2.Betty often (help)me out when we were middle school students． 3.Tom was late.He________(open)the door quietly,________(move)in and______(walk)carefully to his seat. 4.I never (think)you arrived here on time． 5． (can)you help me out? 6. they (play)chess in the classroom just now? 7.She (not visit)her aunt last Wednesday．She (stay)at home and (do)some cleaning. 8．--When you (buy) the jacket? --I (buy)it two days ago. Ⅲ.选择括号内适当的单词，并用其适当的形式完成句子。

1.-- you at home last Sunday? --No，I . I in the park with my family．(were，was) 2.-- the tickets expensive yesterday evening? --No，they ．And there _______ many things to see．(were；
weren’t) 3. -- your brother come to school just now? -- Yes，he .(did；
does) 4.-- Mr．Smith at sch001 this morning? --No，he ．(was；
did) 5.--My sister and my brother at home last month．They went on a school trip．(are；
were) 6.--Did you fashion at school? --Yes, I . I fashion at the age of eighteen．(did；
studied) 7.--Where did Toby go on vacation? --He to the mountains．(go；
went) 8. I a small boy crying in the corner. He lost and I helped him his father at last．(find；
was) Ⅳ.按要求转换句型。

1. Lucy did her homework at home. (改为否定句） Lucy her homework at home. 2. He found some meat in the fridge.(改为一般疑问句） he meat in the fridge? 3. She stayed there for a week.(对划线部分提问） she there? 4. There was some orange in the cup.(改为一般疑问句） there orange in the cup? 5. Amy took some photos at the zoo last Saturday.(改为否定句) Amy photos at the zoo. 6. He is writing a song on the computer now.(用last night改写句子） He on the computer last night. 7. I arrived just a few minutes ago.(对画线部分提问） you arrive? 8. Robert was a taxi-driver.(改为同义句） Robert a taxi-driver. Ⅴ.根据对话及方框内的提示，用下列词语完成B的疑问句。

arrive, cost, go to bed late, have a nice time, win 1. A: I was late this morning. B: What time ? A: Half past nine. 2. A: I played tennis this afternoon. B: ? A: No, I lost. 3. A: We came home by taxi. B: How much ? A: Eighty dollars. 4. A: I was tired this morning. B: ? C: No, but I didn’t sleep very well. 5. A: We went to the beach yesterday. B: ? C: Yes, it was great. 第二课时 疑难点一 描述过去特定时问内一次完成的有先后顺序的几个动作，此时经常不出现表示过去的时间状语，需要通过情景来断定。如：
Tom got up quickly，took his bag and rushed out of his room．他迅速起床，背上书包，冲 出了房间。

疑难点二 追述逝去的人或过去的事，常用过去时。如：
Thomas Edison was a great inventor．托马斯·爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。

疑难点三 wish，wonder，think，hope．know等动词用在一般过去时中，表示动作或状态都 已成为过去，现已不复存在。如：
I didn’t know you were coming．我不知道你要来。(说话前我不知道你要来，可现在我知道了。) I never thought you arrived there early．我没想到你会这么早到那儿。(说话前我没想到 你这么早到，现在我知道了。) 疑难点四 如果强调的是过去的习惯，而现在已终止了，常用“used to+动词原形”这个表达法来体现，但一般不与时间状语连用，意为“过去常常”。如：
He used to go to the park．他过去常常去公园。(现在不去了) My mother used to be a teacher．我妈妈过去是一位老师。(现在不是了) 疑难点五 表述“书上说，报纸上说，信上说”等事情时，可用一般现在时代替一般过去时。如：
What does the notice say? 通知上说了些什么? What does Tom’s letter say? 汤姆的信上说什么? 疑难点六 would，should，could，might等过去式有时不表示过去，而是表示更委婉、客气的语气。如：
Would／Could you help me，please? 请问你可以帮我吗? 1 wondered if you could help me．我想知道你是否能帮我。

能力提升 I．用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。

1.--Who ______ (wash) the plates on the table? --Jenny did． 2．The students ______ (stop) talking when their teacher came in． 3．Betty never ______ (come) to school late when she was in middle schoo1． 4．My mother ______ (buy) vegetables on her way home yesterday． 5．Somebody ______ (knock) at the door just now． 6．Look!A little girl ______ (swim) in the river． 7．Li Lei ______ (join) the League in 2001． 8．Do you like (watch)TV? 9．My brother will call me as soon as he ______ (reach)there． 1 0．It’S eight o’clock．The student (have)an English lesson． 11． (be)the girls from the United States? 12．--What he (do)every evening? --He ______ (watch)TV every evening． 13．It's time to play games．The students (jump)and (run)． 14．Don’t ______ (read)your books．Please (1isten) to me now． 15．He is (drive)a car. 1 6． he (study) English very well？ 17．I don’t have any pens．I think she (have)some． 18．-- the man (open)the window? --NO．he isn’t．He (close) the window． 19．If it (not rain)next Sunday, we’ll have a football match． 20．I’m sorry (wake) you up． 21．Would you please (not play) with the chalk? 22．My parents are busy (get) ready for the visitors． 23. I think you’ d better (not go)out alone at night. Ⅱ.下面是一篇关于利萨(Lisa)到马德里(Madrid)的旅程的短文，请用下列动词的正确形式填空。

Last Tuesday Lisa l (fly)from London to Madrid．She 2 (get)up at six o’clock in the morning and 3 (have)a cup of coffee．At 6：30 she 4 (1eave)home and 5 (drive)to the airport．When she 6 (arrive)，she parked the car and then7 (go)to the airport caffe where she 8 (have)breakfast．Then she 9 (go)through the passport control and 1 0 (wait)for her flight．The plane departed on time and 11 (arrive)in Madrid two hours 1ater．Finally she 12 (take)a taxi from the airport to her hotel in the centre of Madrid． 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 6． 7． 8． 9． 10． 11． 12. Ⅲ．单项选择。

( )1.--When you your old friend? --The day before yesterday． A．will；
visit B．did；
visit C．have；
visited D．are；
visit ( )2．--How was your day off'? --Pretty good!We the history museum. A．visit B．visited C．are visiting D．will visit ( )3．He turned off the light and then the classroom． A．1eaves B．will leave C．is leaving D．1eft ( )4.--What does Linda often do in the evening? --She often her homework，but on the evening of April12 she TV． A．does；
watches B．is doing：watches C．does；
watched D．is doing；
was watching ( )5.--What beautiful flowers in the garden! --Yeah!They______ here last year． A．planted B．were planted C．are planted D．will be planted ( )6．--1 hear that two children’s fun parks last year in our city. -- I know，but I think two are not enough． A．built B．was built C．were built D. is build ( )7．The two good friends until Miss Wu came into the classroom． A．chated B．chat C．are chatting D．chatted ( )8．--Where is the bird? --It______away a moment ago． A．is flying B．flyed C. flew D．flies ( )9.--I’m sorry you have missed the bus．It five minutes ago． --What a pity! A．was leaving B．has left C．1eft D．1eaves ( )10.All the students and their class teacher interested in the film they saw yesterday evening． A．is B．will be C．was D．were ( )11．David said he would stay here until his mother back． A．comes B．will come C．came D．would come ( )12．The hero’s story in Youth Daily． A．was reported B．was reporting C．reports D．reported ( )13.--When your mother you that blue dress．Mary? --Sorry，I really can’t remember． A．does；
buy B．has；
bought C．had；
bought D．did；
buy ( )14.--Hi，Jim! Nice to meet you! --Hi，it’s one year since I last you. A．saw B．see C．seeing D．have seen ( )15．He asked me ． A．if she will come B．how many books 1 want to have C．they would help us do it D．What was wrong with me ( )1 6．My father smoke and drink a lot． A．used to B．is used to C．was used to D．used ( )17．--Hello，Jim． --Hello，Tom．I you would come a little later. A．think B．thought C．have thought D．will think ( )18．He be a hard worker．But now he playing computer games at home a11 day and all night． A．was used to：is used to B．used to；
used to C．was used to：used to D．used to；
is used to. ( )1 9．-- You take a bus to school? --Yes．but now 1 usually go to school on foot． A．Did：use to B.were; used to C．Do；
use to D.Did; leave ( )20．I to meet you，but I you． A．went；
hadn’t seen B．did go：didn’t see C．had gone；
didn’t see D. was going；
hadn’t seen Ⅲ.下列各均有一处错误，找出并改正。

1．Look!The boys play football on the playground． 2．The time passes quickly．Evening came．So all of us went home． 3．Last Sunday，police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York． 4．Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past． 疑难突破 I.语法选择。

My friend，David Smith，kept birds．One day he phoned and 1 me he would be away for a week．He asked me to feed the bird 2 him and said he would leave his key in my mailbox． Unfortunately，I did not remember to feed the birds 3 the night before David was going to return．I rushed out of my house and it was already dark when I arrived at 4 house．I soon found the key he gave me could unlock neither the front door 5 the back door!I kept 6 of what David would say when came back． Then I noticed 7 one bedroom window was open．1 found a big stone and pushed it under the window 8 the stone was very heavy．I made a lot of noise．But in the end，I managed to climb up. I had one leg inside the bedroom when I suddenly realized that someone 9 a torch(电筒) up at me．I looked down and saw 10 policeman and an old lady，one of David’s neighbours．“What ard you doing up there?”said the policeman．Feeling like a fool，I replied，“1 was just going to feed Mr．Smith’S birds.” ( )1．A．tell B．tells C．told D．had told ( )2．A．with B．to C．for D．at ( )3．A．until B．before C.as D.since ( )4．A．her B．his C．their D．our ( )5．A．and B．But C．or D．nor ( )6．A．to think B．think C．thinking D．thought ( )7．A．how B．that C．what D．why ( )8．A．if B．because C．when D．whether ( )9．A．is shinning B．was shone C．shines D．was shining ( )10．A．a B．The C．an D．／ II．单项选择。

( )1．--What do you think of the film Avatar? --It’S fantastic．The only pity is that I the beginning of it． A．missed B．was missing C．miss D．will miss ( )2．--How did the accident happen? --You know. It difficult to see the road clearly because it________. A．was；
was raining B．is；
has rained C．is；
is raining D．will be：will rain ( )3．I a mistake．Please don’t be angry with me． A．make B．made C．will make D．had made ( )4．Tommy is looking for the watch his uncle him 1ast month． A.gives B．gave C．to give D．has given ( )5．Last Sunday my aunt at home with me.We were watching TV all day． A．was B．were C．is D．are ( )6．There a big cake and many candies at the party yesterday． A．was B．were C．is D．are ( )7．Tina and her parents to England for sightseeing last summer． A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone ( )8．--How was your day off? --Pretty good! I the science museum with my classmates． A．visit B．visited C．am visiting D．will visit ( )9．--When Jessy to New York? -- Yesterday． A．does；
get B．did；
get C．has；
got D．had；
got ( )10．I the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser? A．write B．wrote C．am writing D．will write ( )11．--How was your trip to the ancient village? --Fantastic!We to a museum of strange stones． A．go B．went C．are going D．will go ( )12．They her to the party，So she was very happy． A．invite B．invited C．will invite D．are inviting 专题十三 一般将来时 目标定位 1．掌握一般将来时的意义及其基本构成，能在口语和书面语中正确使用。

2．掌握常与一般将来时连用的时间状语。

3．区分will／shall与be going to表示将来的用法，前者单纯强调将来的动作或状态；
后者强调现在已汁划或打算过的将来的事情，或有迹象表明将来必然或是可能要发生的事或自然现象．表明马上就要发生的动作。

4．掌握“be about to+动词原形”表示将来的用法，注意其不能与表示将来的确切的时问状语连用。

5．掌握在时间状语从句和条件状语从句巾，用一般现在时表示将来的用法 第一课时 语法梳理 一、一般将来时 一般将来时表示在将来的某个时候将要发生的动作或存在的状态，可用will／shall，be going to，be to加动词原形表示。常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有tomorrow．next week， Soon，in the future，before long等。

二、 一般将来时的构成 三、 一般将来时的用法 如：
1.We will go to work on the farm next week．下周我们将到农场劳动。

Shall we come here again next week?我们下周还会来这里吗? 2.I’m going to wash the clothes．我将去洗这些衣服。

There is going to be a film this evening．今天晚上有电影。

3.My mother is to go to see my teacher．妈妈将去见我的老师。

We are to be back by nine o’clock．我们将在9点前返回。

4.I was about to go to school when you came．你来时，我正要去学校。

He is about to leave．他将要离开了。

5.My parents will take me to the park if it is fine next Sunday．如果下星期天是晴天，我父母 将带我去公园。

Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped．车停了，再下车。

基础训练 Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. I (finish)all the housework in half an hour. 2. They (not move)away until tomorrow． 3. -- Mr．Brown (give)us a talk tomorrow? --Yes，he . 4. --When Lucy (graduate)next year? --She (graduate) next July． 5. Sean is (take up) modern art next term． 6. --they (1eave) for Australia next week? --No.they aren’t． 7. --When we (start) off? --At six O’clock． 8. Look at the clouds．There (be) a storm． 9. He (1eave) when someone calls him． 10. How do you like our city? 一Wonderful．I (stay) here or another two days． 11. Tom (be)back in a few days． 12. He (write)an e-mail to his friend tomorrow evening． 13. The rain (stop)soon．You don’t need to worry about the weather． II.根据情景，补全对话。

Mother：Aunt Susie 1 going to have dinner with US tonight．Will you 2 buy something from the supermarket 3 me? Nelson：Sure．What 4 I buy? Mother：She likes fruits very 5 ．Maybe you can get some fresh strawberries and grapes． The bananas 6 also be good. Nelson：I 7 buy a watermelon(西瓜)as well．By the way，8 Linda and Steve come? Mother：Yes，they 9 ．They 10 going to play video games with you． Nelson：Wonderful ! 11 I buy some potato chips and candies for them? Mother：I guess they 12 like them．They 1 3 arrive at about six．You’d better go now． Nelson：Okay．Let me 14 an umbrella first．The radio says it is 15 to rain. Ⅲ. 用will或be going to 的适当形式完成下列各句，使之成为完整的对话。每空一词。

例：
John: Why are you reading these advertisements(广告）？ Alex: I am going to buy a secondhand car. A) Ann: How about going to the fashion show? Kate: That’s a great idea! I go with you! B) Pam: see Mike tomorrow? Andy: No, not tomorrow, but I think I see him on Saturday. C) Sam: What do next weekend, Andy ? Andy: We have a family picnic in Wales with my cousins from Cardiff. D) Joan: Jack and I sell our books and toys at the sale. Mum: That’s a good idea. I help you pack everything up. E) Lisa: I forgot the keys and I left my wallet in my green jacket. Mum: It’s the third time this week. Lisa: I know Mum. I promise I never do it again. Ⅳ．按要求进行句型转换。

1．Daniel will meet you at the airport this evening．(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) -- Daniel at the airport this evening? -- . 2．I am going to come to the get together tomorrow．(改为一般疑问句) to the get together tomorrow? 3．It is going to be a fine day tomorrow．(改为否定句) It _______ ________ a fine day tomorrow． 4．I’m going to listen to music next Sunday.(对画线部分提问) next Sunday? 5．We’11 be back in about an hour．(对画线部分提问) back? 6． There are two libraries in that town．(用 next year改写句子) 7． He came back just now．(用in two days改写句子) 8． Do you often stay at home on weekends?(用next weekend改写句子) 9．Tony is going to play football with US．(对画线部分提问) 10．--Will the twins buy the red T—shirt? (作肯定回答) --Yes， . 1 1．Mr Brown will visit the Great Wall next summer．(对画线部分提问) Mr Brown next Summer ? 第二课时 疑难拓展 疑难点一 will／shall单纯强调将来的动作或状态。如：They will go to see their English teacher．他们将去看他们的英语老师；
be going to强调现在已计划或打算过的将来的事情，或有迹象表明将来必然或是可能要发生的事或自然现象，表明动作马上就要发生。如：We are going to have dinner．我们将去吃晚饭。

疑难点二 当表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时，只用will/shall。如：
Will you go there with me tomorrow?你明天和我一起去那儿吗? Shall we go shopping after work?下班后我们一起去购物怎么样? 疑难点三 当表示意愿时，只用will／shall表示将来含义。如：
I will go shopping with you next Sunday．我下周三和你一起去购物。

疑难点四 当指按规定或时间表预计将要发生的动作时，用一般现在时表示将来，常用的动词有come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return等。如：
The train leaves for France at 7：15．去法国的火车在7：15离开。

疑难点五 当主句为一般将来时时，在as soon as，when，until，if．unless等引导的时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：
I will come back if he comes here．如果他来了，我就会回来。

I will write to you as soon as I get there．我一到那就会给你写信。

疑难点六 当主语为人时，表示主语的意图、打算、安排等，用现在进行时表示将来。常用的动词有come，go，arrive，leave，start，stay等。如：
My friend is coming to see us．She will be here soon．我的朋友要来看我，她很快就到。

The train is leaving at 8：30．火车8点半离开。

疑难点七 当谓语动词表示渐变的动作时，用现在进行时表示将来。常用的动词有get，run，grow，become，begin，die等。如：
It’s getting warmer in spring．春天天气变暖了。

The old man is dying．那位老人要死了。

疑难点八 be to表示客观安排或受人指使而做某事；
be going to表示主观的打算或计划。如：
I am to attend a meeting this afternoon．我今天下午要参加一个会议。

疑难点九 一般将来时还可以表示固有特性或必然趋势。如：
Fish will die without water．鱼儿离不开水。

能力提升 Ⅰ.根据汉语意思完成下列句子。

1．--你明天打算干什么，露西? --我打算买辆自行车。

--What tomorrow? -- I a bicycle. 2．这个可怜的人快要死了。

The poor man . 3．沿着这条路走，你将看到右边有一个邮局。

Walk along the road， a post office on the right． 4．明天他先在操场踢球，然后到公同划船。

Tomorrow he ________ _________ on the playground，and then he in the park． 5．赶快!公交车快到了。

Hurry up!The bus . 6． 请你下周一州来就给我打电话。

Please call me next week. Ⅱ.单项选择。

( )1.Mr．Smith ___ a talk on country music next Monday． A．give B．gave C．has given D．will give ( )2.--What a hard life my parents live! --So do nay parents．When l grow up，I to make them live more happily． A．try B．tried C．will try D．have tried ( )3.The summer vacation will begin next week．David to stay with US． A．will be coming B．comes C．came D．is coming ( )4.--Jim，can you help me to wash the dishes? --Sorry．Dad，I to the shop． A．go B．went C．am going D．have been ( )5．--The TV show Home With Kids is so wonderful．You shouldn’t miss it． --If 1 have time，I it. A．watch B．watched C．will watch D．have watched ( )6．The car doesn’t work．What we ? A．do；
do B．are；
doing C．shall；
do D．did；
do ( )7.--Have you gone to see the doctor? --No．but I . A．didln’t B．am going to C．haven’t D．am not going to ( )8．He very busy this week．He free next week． A．will be；
is B．is；
is C．will be：will be D．is；
will be ( )9．It the Year of the Rabbit next year． A．is going to be B．is going to C．will D．will is ( )10．Who we the museum with tomorrow? A．would；
visit B．do；
visit C．will；
visiting D．shall；
visit ( )1 1.There a football match tomorrow evening． A．is B．are going to be C．is to be D．is going to have ( )12.--Shall I make tea for you? --No, A．you won’t． B．you arern’t C．please don’t D．mustn’t ( )13--Could you tell me tomorrow morning? —Well，it will start at 9 o’clock． A．when the film will start B．where will the film starts C．when will the film start D．where the film will start ( )14．I don’t think rain this afternoon． A．it won’t B．It’s going to C．if it's going to D．whether it’s to ( )15．--Please don’t forget to take part in the sports meeting next Monday． -- A．I don’t B．I won’t C．I can’t D．I haven’t ( )16．If you don’t go swimming this afternoon， ? A．he will go B．he won’t either C．he does too D．he doesn’t either ( )17．I want to know if there an English speech contest next month.If our school it，I must get ready for it． A．will be；
holds B．will be；
hold C．will be：will hold D．will have；
hold ( )18．--Would you please turn down the TV a little? Jack is doing his homework． --Terribly sorry．I A．will B．am going to C．won’t D．do ( )19.--Let’s go out to fly kites，shall we? --OK．I A．will come B．am going to come C．come D．am coming ( )20． Li Ming and Li Hua going to join the Swimming Club this Sunday? A. Will B.Are C. Is D. Do Ⅲ.根据短文内容， 选择方框中所给单词(短语），并用其适当形式填空。

get up , read, watch TV, have dinner, buy, play volleyball, do , meet, live, test My name is Sandy. I have lots of things this weekend. On Saturday, I’m going to visit my grandparents by bus. Then I plan my two pen friends. They with me for a week . It is a good chance(机会）for them to their oral(口语的）English. I a new book. And I’m going to go home and the new book. In the evening, I’m going to with my parents. On Sunday, I’m going to be very busy. I at 7:30. After breakfast, I’m going to at 10:30. I am going to do my homework at 2:00 p.m. When I finish my homework, I am going to with my friends. 疑难突破 Ⅰ.单项选择。

( )1．This term over．The summer vacation is coming in two weeks． A．is B．was C．has been D．will be ( )2．Tom the USA．He back in two months． A．has gone to；
comes B．has gone to；
will be C．has been to；
comes D．has been to；
will be ( )3.--A1ice，please tell Eric to call me when he back． --No problem． A．come B．comes C．came D．will come ( )4. a big party in our school in two weeks． A．It is B．It will be C．There was D．There is going to be ( )5．A moment，please. I’m checking if Mr．Smith free tomorrow． A．is B．being C．to be D．will be ( )6．Another flew railway station in Changsha in 2011． A．was built B．build C．will be built ( )7．I’m sorry I left the book at home．I it here tomorrow，I promise． A．bring B．will bring C．brought D．have brought ( )8．I bet Mrs．Black will come to help US with the celebration if she too busy tomorrow． A．is B．will be C．won’t be D．isn’t ( )9．If you really hold on to your dreams，they true one day． A．came B．comes C.has come D.will come ( )10. I’m waiting for my friend. If he , I swimming alone. A. doesn’t come; will go B.won’t come; will go C.will come; won’t go D. Don’t come; will go ( )11. I don’t know if jack , If he , I , call me, please. A.will come; will comes B.comes; come C.comes; will come D.will come; comes ( )12. Attention, please. There a football game between China and Korea this evening. A.is going to be B. has been C.has D.will have ( )13. Why not come over at the weekend? My family seeing you again. A.enjoyed B.would enjoy C.will enjoy D.have enjoyed Ⅱ.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. The Great Wall as well as the Palace Museum (attract) lots of tourists from abroad every year. 2. If those wild animal can’t find enough food, they (die)or have to leave their habitat soon. 3. The law of gravity (discover)by Isaac Newton about 350 years ago. 4. You must try your best to stop him (make)the same mistake again. 5. As soon as he came into the office, he (shake)hands with every one of us. 6. Since last August, the old lady (have)bad headaches three to four times a month. 7. By 5:30 yesterday afternoon he (finish）writing the laboratory report. 8. Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, (know)as the City of Angels. 9. We should do everything we can (protect)the environment. 10. Jack said he (return) the two books to the library in a week. 专题十四 简单句 目标定位 1.熟练掌握简单句的五种基本句型，能在口语和书面语中正确使用。

2.掌握简单句的判定方法。同时能区分句子的宾语、宾语补足语、直接宾语、间接宾语等。

3.掌握“主语+谓语+问接宾语十直接宾语”句型与“主语+谓语+直接宾语+to／for十间接宾语”句型之间的转换。

4.掌握简单句的种类。注意各类型句子的基本构成及用法，能在口语和书面语中正确使用。

5.掌握感官动词和使役动词的用法。

6.注意回答否定性一般疑问句时，要根据事实回答，肯定用Yes，否定用No．但其说法正好与汉语习惯相反。

7.掌握感叹句的反意疑问句形式。

8.掌握how引导的感叹句与what引导的感叹句之间的相互转换。

第一课时 语法梳理 一、 简单句的定义及基本句型 简单句是由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。其基本句型如下：
如：
1．The rain has stopped．雨停了。

I get up at 7：30 every morning．我每天早晨7点半起床。

2．I’m a student．我是一名学生。

You look fine．你看上去气色很好。

3．I closed the window．我把窗户关上。

They wanted to go there．他们想去那里。

4．The teacher told them a story．老师给他们讲了一个故事。

He read the letter to his mother．他把信读给他妈妈听。

5．He found the film interesting．他发现那部电影很有趣。

They made him their monitor．他们推选他当班长。

二、 简单句的种类 1．肯定句 (1)主语+谓语如：
She arrived early．地很早就到了。

(2)主语+连系动词+表语 如：
My father is a teacher．我爸爸是一位老师 2．否定句 (1)连系动词后而加not。如：
This book is not his．这本书不是他的， (2)在have／has．will，shall，would等助动词或情态动词后面加not。如：
He Won't come again．他不会再来了。

(3)谓语动词是实义动词时：
①一般现在时：如果谓语是动词原形．在动词原形前加don’t．如：
I like it． I don’t like it． 如果动词是单数形式．在动词加doesn’t ．动词的单数形式变成动词原形。如：
He speak s English. He doesn’t speak English． ②一般过去时：在动词前加didn’t．动同的过去式变成动词原形。如：
He went there．He didn’t go there． (4)由no．never，nobody，nothing，hardly．1ittle．seldom，few．dislike等构成的否定 句。如：
There is no water．那里没有水。

3．一般疑问句 (1)将句中的be动词、助动词或情态动词提到句首．句末加“?”。如：
He is coming． Is he coming? (2)谓语是实义动词时：
①一般现在时：如果谓语是动词原形。在句前加Do。如：
Do you have a pen?你有一支钢笔吗? 如果谓语是单数形式．在句前加does，动词的单数形式变成动词原形。如：
Does he go to school by us?他坐公共汽车去上学吗? ②一般过去时：在句前加did，动词的过去式变成动词原形。如：
Did they know each other?他们相互认识吗? (3)否定形式的一般疑问句．将助动词与not缩写，放在句首。如：
Don’t you like music?你不喜欢音乐吗? 4．特殊疑问句 (1)特殊疑问词(作主语)+陈述句+…?如：
Who has an English dictionary?谁有一本字典? (2)特殊疑问词(不作主语)+一般疑问句+…?如：
Where does he go?他去哪了? (3)特殊疑问词的用法：what可以用来询问“名字”、“职业”和广义的“干什么”。how意为“怎样，如何”；
how soon意为“多快”；
how,tong意为“多久”；
how often意为“多久一次”；
how far意为“多远”。where用来询问地点。when用来询问时间。who意为“谁”;whose意为“谁的”；
whom意为“谁”(作宾语)。

5．选择疑问句 (1)一般疑问句+选择成分A+or+选择成分B+…?如：
Are you a teacher or a student?你是一位老师还是一位学生? (2)特殊疑问句+选择答案A+or+选择答案B+…?如：
which do you like better．coffee or tea?你更喜欢哪一个，咖啡还是茶? 6．反意疑问句 (1)肯定句+否定形式的简略一般疑问句+…?如：
Today is a fine day，isn’t it? 今天天气很好，不是吗? 。

(2)否定句+肯定形式的简略一般疑问句+…?如：
YOU won’t do it again，will you? 你不会再做了，是吗? (3)反意疑问句部分的人称、时态、数要与陈述句一致，且用代词代替陈述句中的主语，而不能用名词。如：
Your elder sister wants to see a film，doesn’t she?你姐姐想去看电影，不是吗? 7.祈使句 (1)动词原形+其他成分。如：
Come here．过来。

(Don’t／Never)动词原形+其他成分。如：
． Don’t go out of the room．不要走出这个房间。

(2)Let+宾语+(not)动词原形。如：
Let me do it．让我做IIE-o (3)祈使句的强调句在祈使句前加Do。如：
Do come on time next time．下次准时来。

(4)祈使句的特殊形式有：
①“No+名词／动名词+其他”结构。如：
No photos!不许照相。

②“None+of”结构。如：
None of your nonsense!别胡说! ③“祈使句+and+简单句”结构表示“如果……就……”。如：
Think hard and you’ll find a way．努力思考，你就会找到一个方法。

④“祈使句十or+简单句”结构表示“……否则……”。如：
Hurry up or you’11 miss the train．快点，否则你会错过火车。

⑤在祈使句后加一个问句，使语气更加委婉。如：
Don’t be late，will you?不要迟到，好吗? 8．感叹句 (1)“How+(形容词／副词)+主语+谓语+…!”。如：
How I miss you!我多想念你啊! (2)“How+形容词+a／an+名词+主语+谓语!”。如：
How clever a boy he is!他是多聪明的男孩啊! (3)“What+(g／an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!”。如：
What a beautiful park it is!公园真漂亮啊! 记忆口诀 1. 反意疑问句的用法：
反意疑问句三要点， 前后谓语正相反。

短语not如出现， 必须缩写是习惯。

最后一点应注意， 短句主语代词填。

2. 感叹句的用法：
感叹句，并不难， what, how放句前；

强调名词用what, 其余用how很简单。

【注意】由what引导的感叹句一般修饰名词，而how引导感叹句一般修饰形容词、副词或句子。

基础训练 Ⅰ.判断下列句子是哪种句型，并在括号内标出。

1. The city lies in a valley. ( ) 2. My recent book sells very well. ( ) 3. Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables. ( ) 4. All my hair turns grey. ( ) 5. I will find you a good chance. ( ) 6. My brother and I study in the same school. ( ) 7. The food tastes good. ( ) 8. We call him Li Ming. （ ） Ⅱ.在括号中写出下列各句中的宾语。

1. Please give the book to Bill. ( ) 2. Can you tell me the way to the Summer Palace? ( ) 3. We often clean the windows. ( ) 4. We keep our classroom clean and tidy.( ) 5. What you said made me happy. ( ) 6. Whom did you see playing football on the playground just now? （ ） 7. I think it difficult to finish the work this morning. ( ) Ⅲ．从方框中选出适当的疑问词(短语)填空。每词限用一次 Why, when, what, which , how, where, what time, how much, who, how many 1．一 are you waiting for? 一My best friend． 2.一 do you usually go to bed? 一At about 9 O’clock． 3．—— one would you like of the three apples? 一The biggest one 4．— were you late for school this morning? 一Because I got up too late and missed the bus． 5．— milk is there in the bottle? —There is a 1ittle． 6．一 books are there Oil the shell? 一There are nearly ten． 7．一 did you begin to learn French? 一At the age of ten． 8．— ___ is this in English? 一It’s a CD． 9．— do you learn the spoken English? —I learn it by joining an English club． 10．一 were you ten days ago? —I was in Beijing with my parents． Ⅳ.按要求进行句型转换 1．Lily has lunch at school every day．(改为否定句) Lily lunch at school every day． 2．They do eye exercises every day．(改为否定句) They eye exercise every day． 3． They were busy watching the football match at that time。(改为一般疑问句) they the football match at that time? 4．He’s put the letter in the hole．(改为一般疑问句) he the letter in the hole? 5．The boys are making a model bike in the classroom now．(对画线部分提问) the boys in the classroom now? 6． The flowers are very beautiful．(改为感叹句) the flowers are! they are! 7．Does he come to school by bike?Does become to school Oil foot?(改为选择疑问句) he to school ? 8． The boy could swim when he was four years old， ?(补全反意疑问句) 9．You mustn’t make noises in the reading room．(改为祈使句) in the reading room. 10．Jill writes to her parents once a week．(对画线部分提问) her parents once a week? 第二课时 疑难拓展 疑难点一 判断一个句子是不是简单句主要是看它完整的主谓结构有几个，如果只有一个，那就是简单句。如：She likes English．如果有两个或两个以上，那就是并列句或复合句。如：She says she likes English． 疑难点二 “主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”句型可转化为“主语+谓语+直接宾语+to／ for+间接宾语”句型，表示动作的对象时，用介词to；
表示动作的目的时用介词for。如：
He gave me a book.一He gave a book for me(表示“给”这个动作的对象) He bought me a book.—He bought a book for me(表示"买”这个动作的目的) 疑难点三 感官动词和使役动词接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。如:Let us go. help可接带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：He help me(to)carry the box。

疑难点四 感官动词和使役动词“五看三使二听一感觉”(一感feel，二听listen to/hear，三使have /let／make，五看see／notice／observe／watch／look at)接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但是当变被动语态时，to要还原。如：
My mother made me wash dishes. —I was made to wash dishes. 疑难点五 感官动词接不带to的不定式作宾语补足时，强调动作的整个过程或动作经常发生。感官动词接现在分词作宾语补足语时，强调动作正在进行。感官动词接过去分词作宾语补足语，强调动作的被动承受。如：
I see him go to school by bike every day. I hear somebody singing outside. 疑难点六 使役动词接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，表示“让某人做某事”，使役动词接在分词作宾语补足语时，表示“让…·一直做某事”。使役动词接分词作宾语补足语时，表示“让 ...承受某个行为动作”。如 Let me do it myself. Our teacher made me sitting there. 疑难点七 so, neither或nor引导的倒装句也属于简单句。

I went there yesterday .So did she. Tom doesn't like apples .Neither／Nor do I. 疑难点八 have／has作实义动词表示“有”时，其否定形式有两种．一种是在其后加not, 一种是借助助动词do的否定形式完成否定语气。如：
He hasn't a pen.=He doesn't have a pen. 疑难点九 肯定句改成否定句时，如果句中有some,something,somebody,too,all,both,already等词时，须分别将它们改为any,anything,anybody,either,none,neither,yet等。如：
There's something wrong with the car-There isn’t anything wrong with car. 疑难点十 回答否定性的一般疑问句时．要根据事实回答，肯定用Yes．否定用No.注意在说法正好与汉语习惯相反。如：
--Isn't it sunny?今天不是晴天，是吗？ --Yes，it is不是．今天是晴天。

--No，it isn't.是．今天不是晴天。

--Haven't you been to the Great Wall?你没有去过长城吧? --No，I haven’t.But I want to go there是的，我没去过。但我想去。

疑难点十一 以why开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。如：
why don't you have a try?／Why not have a try? 疑难点十二 当陈述部分带有that从句作宾语时．附加问句的主谓一般与主句保持一致。但“第一人称主语+think (expect，guess, suppose, imagine，hope，feel)+宾语句”结构中，附加问句的主谓一般与从句主谓保持一致，如果think等词是否定形式．附加问句的谓语应用肯定形式，如：
I don't think he will come，will he?我认为他不会来了，是吗? 疑难点十三 当陈述部分的主语是somebody．everyone等指人的不定代词时，附加部分主语多用they代替，强调个体时用he或she来代替。如：
Everyone is here，aren’t they?／Somebody is out，isn’t he? 当陈述部分的主语是something．everything等指物的不定代词时．附加部分主语用it来代替；
当陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式或动名间短语时，附加部分的主语用it来代替；
当陈述部分的主语为one时，附加部分的主语可用one，也可用you。如：
Everything is ready．isn’t it? Doing morning exercise every day is a good habit．isn't it? One can get a good result through one's hard work,can't one／you? 疑难点十四 当陈述部分为there be句型时，附加问句部分仍用there。如 There is a bus station，isn’t there? 疑难点十五 当陈述部分为般祈使句时，附加疑问部分用will you?／won't you?当陈述部分为let’s开头的祈使句时，附加疑问部分用shall we?当陈述部分为let me或1et us 开头的祈使句时，附加疑问部分用will you?如：
Don’t be late again．will you? Let’s go to the park．shall we? Let me／us go out for a walk，will you? 疑难点十六 当陈述部分为感叹句时，附加疑问部分用一般现在时的否定形式。如：
What an interesting book, isn't it? 疑难点十七 当陈述部分有few，seldom，never，hardly not rarely nobody等表示否定含义的词时，附加疑问部分用肯定结构；
如陈述部分有由前后缀构成的否定词时，附加疑问部分用否定结构。如：
It is never useful，is it? It is useless, isn't it? 疑难点十八 当陈述部分有实义动词have时．附加疑问部分用助动词do，does或did。如：
You have a pen，don’t you? 当陈述部分有助动词have时，附加疑问部分仍用have。如：
She hasn't been to England,has she? 当陈述部分有have／has／had to时，附加疑问部分分别用助动词do／does／did的否定形式如：
He had to go there on foot．didn’t he? 陈述部分有had better，附加疑问部分用hadn't。如：
疑难点十九 You had better finish it tomorrow，hadn't you? 疑难点二十 must作“一定，必须”解时，附加疑问部分用mustn't或needn't。如 You must go now,mustn't／needn't you? 疑难点二十一 当陈述部分有used to，ought to时，附加疑同部分用usedn't／didn‘t，shouldn't。如：
She used to study in Beijing．usedn’t／didn’t she? She ought to study，shouldn't she? 疑难点二十二 在反意疑问句中要判别's是has还是is的缩略形式，'d 是would连had的缩略形式。如：She's finished the job．hasn't she? 疑难点二十三 同一个意思的感叹句，既可以用how来引导，也可以用what来引导，但结构不同。如：What a beautiful flower it is! 一How beautiful a flower it is! 能力提升 I.单项选择。

( )1.She told us a story .Her voice sounded_______. A sweet B small C clearly D sadly ( )2.一In recent years. more and more Americans like traveling during holidays A .So do we Chinese B. So will wc Chinese C. So we Chinese do D. So we Chinese will ( )3. Jane likes singing We often hear her_______ after class. A sing B to sing C sings D singing ( )4. --Which of the twin brothers is a scientist? --________ are. A. All B. Both C. Either D. Neither ( )5 My uncle gave _______ a nice bike for my birthday. A. I B. me C. my D. mine ( )6 The food on the plate smells You can't eat it. A. delicious B. bad C. badly D. well ( )7 .1f anyone happens to drop in while I am out,_________him or her leave a message. A. have B. get C. ask D. tell ( )8. Listen ! Can you hear someone___________ in the next room? A. sings B. to sing C. singing D. sung ( )9 .I had my bike _______ at the concert of the the street just now. A repairs B repaired C repairing D. to repair ( )10. I often hear this song______ by young people. A sing B singling C sung D singed ( )11. --He is often late for school, isn't he? --He always goes to school earlier than others. A. Yes,he is. B. No，he isn't. C. Yes．of course D. No．sometimes ( )12.--Is it not your jacket? --___________. A Yes, it is not. B. Yes, it is. C. No, it is . D. Yes, it is not my jacket. 13.--The film is on at the movies. Let's go to see it. --OK Let's go. A. will you B. shall we C .won't we D. don't you ( )14.--______did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? --Perhaps to meet a friend .Who knows. A How B Where C For what D With whom ( )15.--____________ you have bought me! --I got it at the market. A. What a big fish B. Haw a big fish C. What big fish D. How big fish ( )16.--______ late for school next time. --Sorry，I won't. A. Don’t be B. Don’t C. Be D. Not be ( )17.--________you __________TV at the moment? --No，you can turn it off. A. Did；
watch B．Are；
watching C. Do；
watch D. Have; watched ( )18. If you don't go tomorrow, _________. A. I don't go either B. either will I C. neither do I go D. neither will ( )19. The boy ___________ in the teacher's office was found ______ yesterday. A. standing；
smoke B. standing；
smoking C. stood，smoke D. stood；
smoking ( )20.-- Jim does well in Chinese in our class. --__________.No one does better than him. A. So do I B. So he does C. So I do D. So does he II.按要求进行句型转换。

1. He can play the piano .I can play the piano,too.(改为同义句) He can play the piano _________________________. __________he____________ I can play the piano. 2. I help my younger brother with his English every Sunday(改为同义句) l help my younger brother ______ ______ English every Sunday. 3. Miss Gao passed the students the books(改为同义句) Miss Gao passed ______ ______ ________ _______ ________. 4. Will you sing a song for us?(改为同义句) Will you _____ ______ _______ ______? 5. If you use your head, you'll find a way out(改为祈使句) ______ ______ ______ ________ you will find a way out. 6. Let us help you out ,________ ________?(补全反意疑问句) 7. He does very well in maths and physics. (改为否定句) He________ ________ very well in maths and physics. 8. Many people dislike speaking English here, _____ _____?(补全反意疑问句） III.根据汉语意思用英语完成句子 1.你知道火星离地球有多远吗? Do you know______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______earth? 2. 你为什么不早点儿把这个好消息告诉他呢？ ______ ______ tell him the good news a little earlier? 3.他看上去很悲伤，我们让他振奋起来吧！ He looks sad. ______ ______ ______ ______! 4.你喜欢哪一种电影? What______ ______ movies______ you like? 5.我们为祖国丽骄傲。

We______ ______ ______our motherland. 6. 让我告诉你去我家的路吧。

______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______. 7.我认为你的答案不对。

I ______ ______ your answer is right. 疑难突破 I.单项选择。

( )l.--_____beautiful day It is! Let's go and have picnic in the park. --Good idea！ A. How B. How a C. What D. What a ( )2.--______wide the streets are! A. What B．How C．What a ( )3. --Let's go skating, ______？ --OK. Let's go. A. do you B. don't you C. wiil you D. shall we ( )4. --There are always many volunteers in great events,______? --Yes. Many hands make light work! A. aren't there B. are there C. aren't they ( )5.--Zhou Weilun could hardly speak English three years ago,______? --No, he couldn't. But now he is quite good at it. A. couldn't he B. could he C. didn't he ( )6. The waiter hardly has a day off,______? A. hasn't he B.doesn't he C．will he D.does he ( )7. -- ______do you study for a test? --I study by working with a group. A. Where B. How C.When D. Why ( )8.--______schoolbag is this? --I guess it's Lily's. A. What B．Who C．Whose D．Which ( )9. ______meeting it is! A. What a important B. What important C. How an important D. What an important ( )1O. --You didn’t go to school yesterday, did you? --______，though there was a heavy rain. A. Yes,I did B. No,I didn’t C. Yes,I didn't D. No,I did ( )11. -- _____will you be away? --In a couple of weeks. A. What time B. How soon C. How often D. How long ( )12. --Xiao Wang,______will it take to fly to Guangzhou? --Sorry,I don't know. A. how far B. how soon C. how many D. how long ( )13.Let's search the internet for some information about famous people,______? A. will you B. won't you C. shall we ( )14.--______do you visit your uncle? --Once a week,at least. A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How soon ( )15. --Did you enjoy the concert last night? --Very much.______wonderful concert it was! A. What a B.What C. How a D.How ( )16.There is little juice in the glass,______? A. is there B. isn't there C. is it II.句型转换。

1. He did some work this morning（改成否定句） He____________do____________work this morning. 2. Peter often helps in the house at the weekend.（改为一般疑问句） ____________Peter often____________in the house at the weekend? 3. Your mother has never tried shopping on the Internet.（改为反意疑问句） Your mother has never tried shopping on the Internet,_______ _______? 4. Sometimes you're supposed to come early.（改为否定句） Sometimes you _______ _______supposed to come early. 5. Tom visits his grandparents once a week.（画线部分提问） _______ _______ does Tom visits his grandparents? 6.My pen pal is from America.(用Japan改为选择疑问句） Is your pen pal from America_______ _______? 7. It is about four and a half hours from Fukang to Ununqi by bus.（对画线部分提问） _______ _______ _______ _______from Fukang to Ununqi by bus? 8. The kid is playing the piano at the school music club.（对画线部分提问） _______is the kid_______the piano? 9. We used to stay in a hotel by the sea on family holidays. （对画线部分提问） _______ _______ you use to stay on family holidays? 专题十五 并列句 目标定位 1．掌握并列句的基本结构及其常用的并列连词。

2. 掌握并列句中and的用法，它不仅可以表示并列、增补、动作的先后，还可以表示条件。

3. 注意not only…but also重点强调的是后一部分，not only置于句首，句子要倒装。neither…nor…，neither，nor置于句首时，句子也要倒装。

4. 掌握however的用法，在句中，要用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。

5. 掌握for表示因果关系的用法。

6. 掌握but表示对比时，可与yet互换。

第一课时 语法梳理 一、并列句 并列句的基本结构为“简单句十并列连词十简单句”，其中的两个简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系而是平行并列关系。常见的并列连词有and，not only…but also…，neither, nor,neither…nor…,or,either…or…, but,yet,however,while, when, for, so,thus，therefore，hence等，用来表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系。

二、并列句的基本用法 如：
1.(l)I like English and math我喜欢英语和数学。

I am a teacher and my brother is a student我是一名教师，我的弟弟是一名学生。

(2) My father is a teacher and he teaches well.我父亲是一位老师，而且他教书教得很好。

He is a lovely boy and he likes dancing.他是一个可爱的男孩，而且他喜欢跳舞。

(3)He put on his coat and went out．他穿上外套出去了。

She came in and closed the door.她进来把门关上了。

(4)Study hard and you will make progress.努力学习，你就会取得进步。

Go ahead and you will find the post office in front of you.朝前走，你就会看见邮局在你的前面。

2. Not only is he himself interested in the subject,but also his students show interest in it.不仅他对这门学科感兴趣，他的学生也很感兴趣。

3. Neither do I know his address，nor do my parents.我不知道他的地址，我的父母也不知道。

4. (1) You can stay here,or you can leave.你可以待在这儿，也可以离开。

(2) You must work hard,or you'll lose your job.你必须努力工作，否则你会丢掉你的工作。

(3)The workers are happy,or at least they appear to be happy. 工人们是幸福的，或者说至少他们看上去是幸福的。

5. (l)He was ill yesterday,but he still went to school.他昨天病了，但他仍然去上学了。

(2)Everyone likes a person with good manners,but no one likes a person with bad manners.每个人都喜欢有修养的人，没有人喜欢没有修养的人。

6. Mary got up early,yet she failed to be there on time.玛丽很早就起床了，但是她还是没有按时到那里。

7. The problem was difficult; however，he worked it out.这个问题很难，但是他还是做出来了。

8. Some people are poor here while some are rich.这里的一些人很穷，然而一些人很富有。

9. (1)I was going to leave when it began to rain.我正要离开时就下起了雨。

(2)You'd better not go outside when it is cold既然这么冷，你最好不要出去。

10. I must go now，for my sister is waiting for me．我得走了，因为我的妹妹在等我。

ll. This is our first lesson, so/thus/therefore I don't know your names. 这是我们的第一节课，所以我不知道你们的名字。

基础训练 I. 填入适当的并列连词，使句子完整。

1. Some students are interested in music______others are fond of playing football. 2. They drove to the supermarket,parked their car______rushed into the hall. 3. She is one of the best students in her class.She______stusies well______ sings well. 4. He can stay here,______he can leave. 5. Hurry up,______you will be late. 6. They were happy,______at least they looked happy. 7. I repeated.______ ,she still didn't hear me. 8. He was about to go out______it began to rain. 9. It must have rained last night,______the playground is wet. lO. Some people are starving______others are wasting food. II. 将下列句子译成英语。

1.她不仅有知识，而且有经验。

__________________________________________________________________ 2. 他不知道这个问题的答案，所以他没有举手。

__________________________________________________________________ 3. 我到处找手表，但是没有找到。

__________________________________________________________________ 4. 不是他错，就是你错。

__________________________________________________________________ 5. 努力工作，你便会成功。

__________________________________________________________________ 第二课时 疑难拓展 疑难点一 and和or作并列连词引导并列句表示条件时，可转换为if引导的条件状语从句。

如：Hurry up, and you will catch up with them.=If you hurry up,you will catch up with them.如果你快点，你就会赶上他们。

疑难点二 yet引导并列句时，相当于but，但是一般yet前可加and，而but前不能加and。

疑难点三 在并列句中当两个简单句的主语相同时，第二个简单句的主语可以省略。

如：He likes Chinese culture and (he) can sing Beijing Opera他喜欢中国文化，会唱京剧。

疑难点四 并列句除了可以用并列连词连接外，还可以用标点符号分隔，主要是用分号分隔。

如：I like singing；
he 1ikes dancing.我喜欢唱歌，他喜欢跳舞。

能力提升 I. 单项选择。

( )l. Ricky caught a bad cold yesterday,______he had to stay at home. A. because B. but C. or D. so ( )2. --Hello, Miss Wu! --I'm sorry，______I don't think I know you. A. and B. or C. but D. hecause ( )3. Miss Gao is a good Chinese teacher______she will teach us Chinese this term A. or B. and C. but D. so ( )4. --Would you like to come to dinner tonight? --I'd like to，______I'm too busy. A. and B. if C. so D. but ( )5. I have two daughters, but______lives with me. A. all B. both C. neither D. either ( )6. --Dad, math is too difficult for me. --Oh,dear,work hard,______you'll find it easy. A. but B. or C. and D. so ( )7. Forests help to keep water from running away,______drought does not often happen. A. and B. but C. so D. though ( )8. I have to stay up late,______I have a lot of work to do. A. so B. and C. for D. but ( )9. She got up early,and______she failed to attend the meeting on time. A. yet B. still C. but D. so ( )1O.--I hear a new film is on these days.Shall we go to the cinema together, Lucy and Lily? --______Lily______I will go with you because one of us must be at home to help our father in the garden. A. Either. nor B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Both; and ( )ll. --How do you like this dress? --It's beautiful______it fits me well,______I like it very much. A. and; and B. and; but C. so; so D. and; so ( )l2. The day breaks______the birds are singing. A. because B. for C. so D. since ( )13. He likes playing football______his sister likes reading. A. but B. while C. when D. however ( )14. The problem was difficult.I worked it out,______. A. but B. while C. however D. yet ( )15. Sue is ill,______she can't go to school today. A. because B. when C. so D. and ( )16. Though he studies hard,______he doesn’t pass the exam. A. but B. / C. however D. and II. 按要求进行句型转换。

1. If you use your head, you'll find a way out.（改为同义句） ______ ______ ______ ______ you'll find a way out. 2. Lucy hasn't travelled by air. Lily hasn't either.（改为同义句） ______ Lucy______ Lily______ ______ by air. 3. Tom is pleased with the result.Kate is pleased with the result,too.（改为同义句） ______ Tom______ Kate______ ______ ______ the result. 4. Call a taxi,or you will miss the train.（改为同义句） Call a taxi,______ ______you will miss the train. ______ ______ ______ ______a taxi, you will miss the train. 5. One of the twins. Eddie and Tom, is sure to come to the party.（改为同义句） ______Eddie______Tom will come to the party. 疑难突破 单项选择。

( )1.The little boy ate a big meal，______he said he wasn't hungry. A. if B.though C. because D.as ( )2.Jenny, put on your coat,______you will catch a cold. A. but B. and C. or D. so ( )3.Stopping smoking,______you will get better soon. A. and B.of C.but D. after ( )4. --I would like you to talk about the Great Wall. -I'm sorry. but______Jack______I have been there. A. either; or B. neither; nor C. both; and D. not only; but also ( )5.Money is very important,______it’s not the most important thing. A. and B. but C. or D. so ( )6. Mom,my classmates are waiting outside,______I must go now. A. or B. But C. so D. though ( )7. Help others whenever you can______you’ll make the world a nicer place to live. A. and B. or C. unless D. but ( )8. ______ they may not succeed, they will try their best. A. Though B. When C. Because D. Unless ( )9. ____Switzerland is very small, ________ it is the land of watch and it is very rich. A. Though; but B. Because; so C Because; ,/ D. Though; / ( )10.--Would you like to go to the concert with us tonight? --I'd love to, _______ I can't. I have a lot of homework to do. A. and B. but C. so D. or ( )11. --Did you give Dick a call? --I didn't need to, _______ I'll see him soon. A. when B.though C. until D. because ( )12. Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, ______at last she succeeded. A. so B. or C. but D. and ( )13. --What is our headteacher like, do you know? --Oh, he is very kind _______ he looks very serious. A. because B. Though C. if D. When ( )14. How do you like songs sung by Liu Huan？ --They are wonderful, _________I can't hear his words clearly sometimes. A. but B. so C. because D.if ( )15.His hobby is watching TV_______ playing the piano. It's reading books. A. either; or B. both; and C. neither; nor ( )16.I could ______ speak Japanese _______Chinese ,so I had to talk with him in English. A. not only; but also B. both, and C. neither; nor D. either; or ( ) 17. It's a nice house________ it hasn't got a garden. A. and B. or C. hut D. so ( )18._______ he comes back,I 'll tell him. A. Where B. How C. When D. What ( )19.--Do you think most of the people in Beijing can ____talk with foreigners in English? --Yes, I think so. ______ the young _____ the old are learning to speak English. A. Either; or B. Neither; Nor C. Between, and D. Not only; but also ( ) 20. These story books for children arc awfully written. They are ______ interesting ______ exciting. A. either; or B. neither; nor C. both; and D. not only: bat also 专题十六 There be句型 目标定位 1掌握There be句型的基本构成，能在口语和书面语中正确使用。

2．掌握There he句型中be动词单复数的就近原则，这是中考的常考点。

3．掌握There be句型的赶击时和将来时的用法。

4掌握There be句型的反意疑问句的用法。

5．注意There he与have的区别意义，同时避免出现There have/has的错误结构。

6-掌握There used to be的结构，此句型表示“过去曾有……”。

第一课时 语法梳理 “There be+主语十地点／时间状语”表示“某地点／时间有某物”。be有人称、数和时态自 化。谈句型中的be也可用stand，live, exist等动词替换，也可在be前加上seem to, happen to或情态动词等。

如：
1. There are some trees in our school.我们学校有些树。

There is an interesting film at 6 0'clock. 6点有场有趣的电影。

2. (1)There isn't any birds in the forest，森林里没有一只鸟。

(2)There is no water in the glass杯子里没有水。

3. Is there any bird in the forest?森林里有鸟吗? 4. (l)When is there going to be a football match onthe playground? 在操场上的足球赛什么时候举行? (2)How many guests are there in the room? 房间里有多少客人? 三、There he句型的用法 1. There be结构中的动词的数要和后面紧跟的名词保持一致，即就近原则。如：
There is a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅照片。

There are some books on the desk桌子上有一些书。

2 There be结构也有现在时、过去时和将来时之分。现在时通过be动词的现在式is和are来 体现；
过去时通过be动词的过去式was和were来体现；
There be句型的将来时形式为There is/re going to be...There will be两种，如：
There is a book in my bag我书包里有本书。

There were some beautiful flowers here two weeks ago两周前这里有些漂亮的花。

There is going to be a beautiful garden in our school．我们学校将有个漂亮的花园。

3.There be型在构成反意疑问句时，它的附加问句是把There be倒装。主句肯定，附加句就用否定形式；
主句否定，附加句就用肯定形式。如：
There are some pears on the table, aren't there?桌子上有一些梨，不是吗? 基础训练 I.用 be 的正确形式填空。

1. There _____a piano in the corner of the room. 2. There ________some tea in the cup. 3. There ________three buildings and a beautiful garden in our school. 4.There ______ some meat, some bread and some apples on the table. 5. There _______ a picture and a clock on the wall. 6. There __________ a volleyball match in our school the day after tomorrow. . 7. There ______ no factories, hospitals and schools here fifty years ago. 8. There may__________ something wrong with your watch. 9. There__________any mail for you today. 10.There _______any letters in the mail-box today. 11. How many kinds of animals ______ there in this area? 12. ______there anything I can do for you? 用some 和 any 填空。

1. There's _______water in the glass. 2. There isn’t _______ tea in the cup. 3. Is there______bread here? 4. There wasn’t_______chocolate on the table just now. 5.Are there ______ cars in front of the building? 用There be 和have 的适当形式填空。每空一词。

1. My sister _______three beautiful dresses. 2. ________ some books on the desk. 3. Everyone_____ a dictionary in my class 4.I____a new sweater. 5._________some flowers and a desk in the room. 6. _________nothing in the bag. 7.They_______ something to eat. 8. We________ many good friends in the university. 9. _______three potatoes in the basket. 10. Do you________ some pencils? 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。

1.一年有四个季节。

______ ______ ______ ______ in a year. 2.——冰箱里有牛奶吗？ ——有，还有一点儿。

--______ ______ ______ ______ in the fridge? --______，______ ______ a little. 3.今天晚上没有雨了。

______ ______ ______ any ram tonight. 4.明天将有一部有趣的电影上映。

______ ______ ______ ______ ______ an interesting film tomorrow. 5．一年有几周呢？ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______in a year? 6. 世上没有神仙，对吗？ ______ ______no fairies in the world,_______ ________? 7. 桌上有一个苹果和两个梨。

______ ______ ______ ______ and two pears on the table. 第二课时 疑难点一 There be结构表示“某处有某人/某事”，其含义为“存在有”，期中的there只是引导词，无实义；
而have的含义是“所有，属于”，其主语为物体的所有者。汉语中的“有”在译成英语时一定要多加注意，如果主语为人，用have。如 I have some interesting toys at home. 如果表示某处有某物／人／事，则用There be结构。如：
There are many new words in Lesson One．第一课有很多新单词。

疑难点二 There be结构后面有多个并列名词作主语时．be的形式要和离它最近的保持一致。如：
There is a knife and some on the table．桌上有一把刀和一些苹果。

There are some apples and a knife on the table桌上有一些苹果和一把刀。

疑难点三 There be结构后面只能接不定冠词加可数名词的单数，可数名词的复数以及不可数名词，一般不能接定冠词或其他表示特指的词。如：
There is a pencil in my pencil-box.（此时的a不能换成the）铅笔盒里有一支铅笔。

疑难点四 在There be结构中，还可用seem, appear, happen, exist, stand, lie,run, remain等词来代替be。如：
There stands a temple on the hill.山上有座庙。

疑难点五 表示“过去曾有......但现在已经不复存在了）”常用There used to be 结构，其反意疑问句形式有两种：usedn't there或didn’t there。如：
There used to be some houses here five years ago五年前这里有一些房子。（现在没有了） 疑难点六 在There be句型中．如果地点状语位于句首时．there有时也可以省略。如：
On the table is a cup of tea. 桌子上有杯茶。

能力提升 I .单项选择。

( )1. There_______no bread in the fridge. Could you get some for me? A. is B. are C. was D. were ( )2. There________some children playing games in the park. A. is B. are C. has D. Have ( )3.--There is some soup on the table, isn't _____? --No, I think that's water. A. There B.it C. that D. One ( ) 4.Look,that’s our new school building.There ______ be old and low houses. A. is going to B. had C. used to D. used ( )5.There is going to _______a basketball match this afternoon. A. have B. watch C. be D. Play ( )6. --There_______ a lot of milk and cakes on the table. Would you like some? --Yes, please. A. is B. are C. am D. be ( )7. There _______ a talk about how to________learn English by Li Yang tomorrow A.was B. will be C. had D. will have ( )8.______ everyone here_____ an apple? A. Are; there B. Is; there C.Does;have D.Do; have ( )9.There ______ many new words in Lesson One.It is very easy. A. is B. aren’t C.isn’t D.are ( )10.There used to be some wild animals on this island,________? A.didn’t it B.usedn’t there C.isn’t there D.wasn’t there II.求完成下列各题。

1. There is someone waiting for you at the school gate.(改为同义母) ______ _______ _______ _______ you at the school gate. 2. There will be an interesting movie tonight.(改为同义句) ______ _______ _______ _______ _______ an interesting movie tonight. 3. There is no water in the bottle,_______ _______?(补全反意疑问句) 4. There is the key to the third door.(改错） ___________________________________________ 5. There are some exercise books in my desk. 6.There is some money in my wallet.(改为否定句) ______ _______ _______money in my wallet. 7. There was a talk show last night.(用tonight 改为一般将来时) There______ _______ a talk show tonight. III.根据汉语意思，完成英语句子。每空一词。

1.书桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。

There ____ and two pens on the desk. 2.在吉姆的书包里有些卡片。

_______ _______ some cards in Jim’s bag. 3.里面还有其他东西吗？ ______ ______ anything else in it? 4我们学校有许多班。

There _____many____ in our school. 5.树上没有鸟。

There____ ____ birds in the tree. 6. --操场上有学生吗， --不，没有。

--_____ there_____ _____on the ______ now? --N o,_____ _____. 7.门口有人找你。

______ ______someone at the door looking for you 8房子里只有一张桌子，四把椅子和一张小床。

_____ ______ only a table，four chairs and a small bed in the room. 9. 我的钱包没钱了,你有吗? ______ ______ any money in my wallet. ______you_____ any? 10.公园里有许多孩子在放风筝。

______ ______ many children _______ _______ in the park. IV.在横线上填上there was / there wasn’t / was there / there were /there weren’t / were there /there will be等。

1. I was hungry but ___________ anything to eat. 2. ___________ any letters for me yesterday? 3. ___________ a football match on TV last night. Did you see it? 4.--We stayed at a very nice hotel. --___________ a swimming pool? 5. The wallet was empty.___________ money in it. 6. --___________ many people at the meeting. --No. very few. 7. We didn't visit the museum.___________ enough time. 8. I'm sorry I'm late. ___________ a lot of traffic on the road just now. 9. Twenty years ago _________ many tourists here. Now there are a lot. 10. I think everything will be OK.I don’t think ___________ any problems. 疑难突破 I.（2010山东潍坊）词汇应用。

阅读下面的短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空一必要时可加助动词。

During the Second World War,John's family didn't have washing machine.Therefore, 1 _______(keep) clothes clean became a problem for them.Before longa family friend decided 2 (join)the army and his wife was going with him.John's family told them that they could take care of their furniture while they were away. To the 3 (family) surprise, the friend suggested they use his Bendix washing machine. "It would be better for it to 4 (use) rather than sitting 5 (quiet),"he said.Young John helped with the washing developed a deep love of the old,green Bendix. 6__________(Late)，the war ended and the family's friend returned. When he came to take the machine away,John became very sad. His mother saw this and said to 7 (he)."Son. you must remember that machine didn't belong to us in the 8______ (one) place. It was a gift for us to he able to use it for such a long time. So,instead of 9 ( he) sad about the loss.Let's be grateful that we10 (be)able to use it at that time. " We have all experienced loss:loss of people and things. However,if we see the thing we 11 (lose) as a gift that we were given for a time,maybe the sad 12 ( memory) will change into 13 (thank) ones. II .单项选择 ( )1.There no tea in the cup. A. is B. are C. has D. be ( )2.There in the next room. A.is Tom B. are some boys C. are they D. is the boy ( )3.There is some __________on the plate. A. apple B. bread C. banana D. sandwich ( )4.There _________ some paper and a pen on the desk. A.is B. are C. have D. has ( )5.There ________ a school at the foot of the hill. A. have B. stand C. are D. stands ( ) 6. There's going to _________ in tomorrow newspapers. A. have something new B. have new something C. be something new D.be new something " . ( )7. -- ________is there on the table? A.How many apples B. How much bread C. How much bread D.How many food ( )8.There_______ not any water in the glass. A.has B.is C.are ( )9. _________any flowers on both sides of the street? A.Is there B. Are there C. Has D. Have ( )10.There __________ great changes in our country since 1979. A. have been B. were C. has been D.are ( )11. There is little water in the glass,__________ ? A. isn 't there B. isn't it C.is it D.is there ( )12.--There is no air or water on the moon,is there? --____________. A Yes,there are B. No,there isn't C.Yes,there isn't D. No,there is. ( )13. How many _______are there in your classroom? A.desks B.desk C.chair D.door ( ) 14. There ________something wrong with my car. A. are B. has C.is D.have ( ) 15. There _______ a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box. A.are B.be C.have D.is

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